Pesticides aldrin

Although eggshell thinning attributable to DDE exposure has occurred in birds in the UK, the lethal and siiblethal effects of the cyclodiene pesticides aldrin, dieldrin and heptachlor are also believed to have contributed to the population effects, particularly in the case of the sparrowhawk and peregrine falcon. Following the withdrawal of DDT and the cyclodienes from use in the UK, Europe and North America, bird of prey populations that were severely affected have shown partial or complete recovery. ... 

In 1974, the Harmonized Monitoring Programme was set up by the Department of the Environment (DoE). The objective was to provide a network of sites at the lower end of catchments, where water quality data could be collected and analysed in a nationally consistent manner, allowing the loads of materials carried through river catchments into estuaries to be estimated and long-term trends in river quality to be assessed. The complete list of substances to be monitored is diverse and specifies about 115 substances. The pesticides aldrin, dieldrin, y-HCH, heptachlor, p,p -DDT and p,p -DDE are included. Figures 1 and 2 show the downward trend of y-HCH and dieldrin over the past 20 years at the Harmonized Monitoring Sites. This confirms that reductions in environmental concentrations have been achieved, particularly over the past 10 years. 

Terrence Collins is the Thomas Lord Professor of Chemistry at Carnegie Mellon University who contends that the dangers of chlorine chemistry are not adequately addressed by either academe or industry, and alternatives to chlorine and chlorine processors must be pursued. He notes, Many serious pollution episodes are attributable to chlorine products and processes. This information also belongs in chemistry courses to help avoid related mistakes. Examples include dioxin-contaminated 2,4,5-T, extensively used as a peacetime herbicide and as a component of the Vietnam War s agent orange chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs the pesticides aldrin, chlordane, dieldrin, DDT, endrin, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene, lindane, mirex, and toxaphene pentachlorophe-... 

Uses Intermediate in the synthesis of dyes, cyclodiene pesticides (aldrin, dieldrin, endosulfan), fungicides, and pharmaceuticals manufacture of chlorendic anhydride and chlorendic acid. 

In 1974 Midwest Research Institute operated a pilot-scale multiple chamber incinerator to evaluate for EPA the operational variables for pesticide incineration (8). The system included a. pilot-scale incinerator, a three-stage scrubber system, and a scrubber water treatment system. Nine pesticides (aldrin, atrazine, captan, DDT, malathion, mirex, picloram, toxaphene, and zineb) in 15 liquid and solid formulations were studied. Destruction efficiencies generally exceeded 99.99% over a range of temperatures and retention times ( 950 to 1100°C, 1.2 to 6 s, and 80 to 160% excess air). This study also documented the generation of measurable quantities of cyanide in the incinerator off-gas during the incineration of organonitrogen pesticides. 

The Binational Toxics Strategy between the USA and Canada has identified 12 bioaccumulative substances (referred to as Level-1 substances) having significant persistency and toxicity to the Great Lakes system, with the goal of reducing the sources of these substances to achieve naturally occurring levels [23]. Six of the 12 Level-1 substances are OC pesticides aldrin/dieldrin, chlordane, DDT, HCB, mirex, and toxaphene. Several other OC pesticides, such as endrin, heptachlor/heptachlor epoxide, hexachloro-cyclohexanes, tetra- and penta-chlorobenzenes, and pentachlorophenol, have been identified as Level-2 substances. 

Chlorinated pesticides Aldrin, endrin Separated on a C-18, C-8 or CN- high-temperature bonded silica mobile phase isooctane—ethyl acetate (97 3) and detected by UV at 254 nm... 

In Hong Kong, the nine intentional POPs pesticides (aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, HCB, mirex and toxaphene) targeted for global elimination or restricted production and use were not registered, or their registration status had been cancelled for many years due to toxicological or environmental concern. 

Newton, I., Wyllie, I., Asher, A., 1992. Mortality from the pesticides aldrin and dieldrin in British Sparrowhawks and Kestrels. Ecotoxicology 1, 31 14. 

Substrate specificity is reflected in that each CYP isozyme requires different molecular features of its substrates. Thus, CYP2E metabolizes substrates with an alcohol or keto moiety. For CACs, CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP2B are the most important isozymes. CYP1A metabolizes mostly planar substrates like 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, whereas CYP2B transforms the more globular substrates, e.g. the transformation of the pesticide aldrin into dieldrin. 

The global POPs agreement initially covers the dirty dozen, which includes nine pesticides (aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, hexa-chlorobenzene, mirex, and toxaphene), and three industrial chemicals (PCBs) and unintentional by-products (dioxins and furans) of industrial and combustion... 

Alicyclic hydrocarbons are major components of petroleum (comprising from 20% to 67% of its volume) as well as components of plant oils and paraffins, microbial lipids, and pesticides. They range from simple molecules (e.g., cyclopentane and cyclohexane) to complex molecules (e.g., the pesticides aldrin and kepone shown in Figure 9.4). 

The existing standards for the analysis of certain organoclilorine pesticides (aldrin, endrin, isodiin, dieldrin, endosulfan, pentachlorobenzene), PAHs (benzo(ghi)perylene, indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene) and tributyltin compounds are not sensitive enough to conduct compliance monitoring. 

At present, the pesticide soil monitoring is carried out by the Ministry of Environment and Waters (MoEW), has started in 1997 and covers the whole country. In the scope of the monitoring programme are the following persistent organochlorine pesticides aldrin, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, hexachlorbenzene (HCB), methoxychlor, cis-heptachlorepo-xide, alfa-HCH and lindane. 

Organochloride pesticides Aldrin , Chlordane , Dieldrin , DDT, Endosulfan , Endrin , Heptachlor , Lindane , Methoxychlor , Mirex , TDE. 

Zitko V. 2003. Chlorinated pesticides aldrin, DDT, endrin, dieldrin, mirex. In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Vol. 3, Part O, Persistant Organic Pollutants (ed. H Fiedler). Berlin Springer-Verlag, pp. 47-89. 

Q 4. An adduct I is formed by the Diels—Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene with ethyne. When I is treated with hexachlorocyclopentadiene (II), it forms the well-known pesticide, Aldrin (HI). Epoxidation of III with peracid produces another pesticide, Dieldrin (IV)- Draw strucmres of I, II, III, and IV and explain how these products are formed. 

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