Models ground water

Bekins, B. A., E. Warren and E. M. Godsy, 1998, A comparison of zero-order, first-order, and Monod biotransformation models. Ground Water 36,261-268. 

Ollila, R W., 1996, Evaluating Natural Attenuation with Spreadsheet Analytical Fate and Transport Models Ground Water Monitoring Remediation, Fall, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 69-75. 

Adams, R. Younger, P. L. 2001. A strategy for modeling ground water rebound in abandoned deep mine systems. Ground Water, 39, 249-261. 

Wagler, J.L. and Malley, J.P., Jr., The removal of methyl tertiary-butyl ether from a model ground water using UV/peroxide oxidation, /. NEWWA, Sept., 236-260, 1994. 

Table II. Composition of Reference and Model Ground Waters (All Concentration Units in ppm)...

Butcher JB, Gauthier TD (1994) Estimation of residual dense NAPL mass by inverse modeling. Ground Water 32 71-78... 

Chiang CY, Salanitro JP, Chai EY, et al. 1989. Aerobic biodegradation of benzene, toluene, and xylene in a sandy aquifer—data analysis and computer modeling. Ground Water 27 823-834. 

Contents include fate of pollutants in natural waters river, estuary, lake, and reservoir modeling ground water modeling and ocean outfall modeling. 

EFFECTIVE APPROACHES FOR MODELING GROUND WATER LOAD OF SURFACE APPLIED CHEMICALS... 

Pollock, D. W. (1988) Semianalytical computation of path lines for finite difference models. Ground Water 26(6), 743-750. 

Lindberg, R. D. and Runnells, D. D. (1984). Ground-water redox reactions An analysis of equilibrium state applied to Eh measurements and geochemical modeling. Science 225,925-927. 

Figure 1.142. The computed result of the relationship between dissolved silica (H4Si04) concentration of mixed fluid and temperature based on four reservoirs model (Shikazono et al, 2002). Open triangle solubility curve for quartz, Open square solubility curve for a-cristabalite, Solid triangle Hishikari Lower Andesite lava (drilling core), Cross Relatively fresh Hishikari Lower Andesite lava (drilling core). H.S. hydrothermal solution G.W. ground water.

Miller CW, Benson LV (1983) Simulation of solute transport in a chemically reactive heterogeneous system model development and application. Water Resourc Res 19 381-391 Moise X, Starinsky A, Katz A, Kolodny Y (2000) Ra isotopes and Rn in brines and ground waters of the Jordan-Dead Sea Rift Valley enrichment, retardation, and mixing. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 64 2371-2388... 

Accurate site investigation data with test drillings and pumping tests are also of importance for modelling and simulations to be used for permit applications. The simulations are used to predict the thermal and hydraulic influences and are used for environmental assessment issues as well as for prediction of potential physical damages caused by the pumping of ground water. 

Falta, R.W., Pruess, K. and Chestnut, D.A., Modeling advective contaminant transport during soil vapor extraction, Ground Water, 31, 1011-1020, 1993. 

IGWMC, HYDRUS-2D for Windows, Fact Sheet, International Ground Water Modeling Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (undated). 

Celia M.A. and NordbottenJ.M. Practical modeling approaches for geological storage of carbon dioxide. 2009 Ground Water 47 627-638. 

As shown in Fig. 3, CHEMGL considers 10 major well-mixed compartments air boundary layer, free troposphere, stratosphere, surface water, surface soil, vadose soil, sediment, ground water zone, plant foliage and plant route. In each compartment, several phases are included, for example, air, water and solids (organic matter, mineral matter). A volume fraction is used to express the ratio of the phase volume to the bulk compartment volume. Furthermore, each compartment is assumed to be a completely mixed box, which means all environmental properties and the chemical concentrations are uniform in a compartment. In addition, the environmental properties are assumed to not change with time. Other assumptions made in the model include continuous emissions to the compartments, equilibrium between different phases within each compartment and first-order irreversible loss rate within each compartment [38]. 

The multimedia model present in the 2 FUN tool was developed based on an extensive comparison and evaluation of some of the previously discussed multimedia models, such as CalTOX, Simplebox, XtraFOOD, etc. The multimedia model comprises several environmental modules, i.e. air, fresh water, soil/ground water, several crops and animal (cow and milk). It is used to simulate chemical distribution in the environmental modules, taking into account the manifold links between them. The PBPK models were developed to simulate the body burden of toxic chemicals throughout the entire human lifespan, integrating the evolution of the physiology and anatomy from childhood to advanced age. That model is based on a detailed description of the body anatomy and includes a substantial number of tissue compartments to enable detailed analysis of toxicokinetics for diverse chemicals that induce multiple effects in different target tissues. The key input parameters used in both models were given in the form of probability density function (PDF) to allow for the exhaustive probabilistic analysis and sensitivity analysis in terms of simulation outcomes [71]. 

Nordstrom, D.K. 2004. Modeling low-temperature geochemical processes. In Drever, J.l. (ed.) Surface and Ground Water, Weathering, and Soils 5, Holland, H.D. Turekian, K.K. (ed.) Treatise on Geochemistry, Elsevier, 37-72. 

The environmental impact of a new product needs to be assessed before it can be released for general use. Chemicals released into the environment can enter the food chain and be concentrated in plants and animals. Aquatic ecosystems are particularly sensitive, in this respect, since chemicals, when applied to agricultural land, can be transported in the ground water to rivers and then to the lakes, where they can accumulate in fish and plant life. The ecokinetic model presented here is based on a simple compartmental analysis and is based on laboratory ecosystem studies (Blau et ah, 1975). The model is useful in simulating the results of events, such as the accidental spillage of an agrochemical into a pond, where it is not ethical to perform actual experimental studies. 

Grubb, S., 1993, Analytical Model for Estimation of Steady-State Capture Zones of Pumping Wells in Confined and Unconfined Aquifers Ground Water, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 27-32. 

Corapcioglu, M. Y. and Baehr, A. L., 1987, A Compositional Multiphase Model for Ground-water Contamination by Petroleum Products, 1. Theoretical Considerations Water Resources Research, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 191-200. 

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