Compartment volumes

Summary. In summary, when modeling with the fugacity concept, all equilibria can be treated by Z values (one for each compartment) and all reaction, advection and transport processes can be treated by D values. The only other quantities requiring definition are compartment volumes and emission rates or initial concentrations. A major advantage is that since all D quantities are in equivalent units they can be compared directly and the dominant processes identified. By converting diverse processes such as volatilization, sediment deposition, fish uptake and stream flow into identical units, their relative importance can be established directly and easily. Further, algebraic manipulation... 

As shown in Fig. 3, CHEMGL considers 10 major well-mixed compartments air boundary layer, free troposphere, stratosphere, surface water, surface soil, vadose soil, sediment, ground water zone, plant foliage and plant route. In each compartment, several phases are included, for example, air, water and solids (organic matter, mineral matter). A volume fraction is used to express the ratio of the phase volume to the bulk compartment volume. Furthermore, each compartment is assumed to be a completely mixed box, which means all environmental properties and the chemical concentrations are uniform in a compartment. In addition, the environmental properties are assumed to not change with time. Other assumptions made in the model include continuous emissions to the compartments, equilibrium between different phases within each compartment and first-order irreversible loss rate within each compartment [38]. 

The average temperature of the compartment gases, Tg (average "fire" temperature), °K, averaged over the compartment volume and temporaily over the period of full development. 

Physiological parameters for volumes and blood flow of the compartments are listed in Table 2-4. Physiologic constants (compartment volume, blood flows, etc) were taken from published values. Values for the solubility of n-hexanc in blood and tissues (partition coefficients) are taken from human tissue (Perbellini et al. 1985). Rate constants (Table 2-4, Figure 2-5) were estimated from animal and human data and are all assumed to be first-order. 

Milk compartment volume changes as a result of nursing. 

The cell design in Fig. 10 can be applied without flow-through in batch operation too, for example, for easy testing of electrode or separator materials. Then, the frame thickness is chosen for the desired cell compartment volume (for a thickness... 

Compartment Volume of Distribution in L/kg Body Weight (Ls/70 kg Body weight)... 

Figure 6.19 Capillary-tube DC conductance cell with platinum mesh electrodes (6 cm2 each). Half-cell compartment volumes, 100 mL capillary, 2 cm x 0.16 mm ID. As shown, flow from compartment B controls conductance.

Figure 11. Electrodes in microcalorimetric vessels. A Schematic diagram of a section through a titration-perfusion microcalorimetric vessel equipped with a polarographic oxygen electrode and a pH electrode, a, sample compartment, volume 3 ml b, hollow stirrer shaft c, steel tube d, turbine stirrer e, O-rings f, combination pH electrode protected by a steel tube g, polarographic oxygen sensor (Clark electrode). B Record from a growth experiment with T-lymphoma cells. The vessel was completely filled with medium. Once the baseline had been established, the experiment was started (as indicated by the arrow) by the injection of 100 pi concentrated cell suspension.

In the clinical situation, the in vitro findings must be correlated with the levels of antibiotic attainable in the body tissues after oral or parenteral administration. Unless satisfactory levels can be attained, the in vitro findings are of no practical importance. Influencing the tissue levels are factors affecting stability, excretion and compartment volume. Toxicological studies are also essential to complete the picture. In the non-clinical situation, problems to be overcome are mostly those arising from incompatibilities. 

---