Deep-sea mining

Figure 7.9 Deep-sea mining through submersible pumps (typical)...

The manganese nodules of the described quality and quantity would be an extremely rich ore if positioned on the earth surface. The procedure of deep sea mining and transport will raise the costs so much that this mining will be unprofitable now. 

The legal problems of deep-sea mining are not yet solved because the zones of nodule mining will usually be out of the 200-mile national zones. 

Jankowski, J. A., Malcherek, A., Zielke, W, 1996. Numerical modelling of suspended sediment due to deep sea mining. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101(C2), 3545-3560. 

Glasby, G.P. (2000) Lessons learned from deep-sea mining. Science, 289, 551-553. 

Fig. 11.26 Schematic map showing the distribution of the allocated sectors of registered pioneer investors and applicants for pioneer investor status in the C-C F.Z. Most of the consortia interested in deep-sea mining have already made extensive studies of their future mine sites in the C-C F.Z. The economic potential of this region is reflected in the large proportion of the area already under claim. Areas not subject to claims are often topographically unsuitable (too mountainous). The map is an updated version of the original version appearing in Kotlinski (1995).

Economic Impacts on Metal Markets 17.6.1 Economy of Deep-Sea Mining... 

In summary, the following environmental impacts for deep-sea mining are ... 

Barnett, B., Suzuki, T. (1997). The use of kringing to estimate resedimentation in the JET experiment. Proceedings, international symposium on environmental studies for deep-sea mining, Tokyo Metal Mining Agency of Japan, 143-151. 

Bath, A. R. (1989). Deep sea mining technology Recent developments and future projects. Proceedings, 21st offshore technical conference, Paper No. 5998. 

Brocket , T, Richards, C. Z. (1994). Deep-sea mining simulator for environmental impact studies. Sea Technology, 7-81, 77-82. 

Doi, T, Nakata, K., Kubota, M., Aoki, S. (1999). Environmental study of the deep-sea mining of manganese nodules in the Northeastern Tropical Pacific - Modeling the sedimentladen negative buoyant flow. Proceedings, 3rd ISOPE ocean mining symposium, Goa, 163-168. 

Nawab, Z. (2001). Atlantis II Deep A future deep sea mining site. Proceedings, proposed technologies for mining deep-seabed polymetallic nodules, Kingston, International Seabed Authority, 301-313. 

Ohkubo, S., Yamazaki, T (2(X)3). Summary of environmental impact research on marine ecosystem for deep-sea mining Conducted by Metal Mining Agency of Japan. Proceedings, 5th ISOPE ocean mining symposium, Tsukuba, 200-207. 

Welling, C. G. (1981). An advanced design deep sea mining system. Proceedings, 13th offshore... 

Zielke, W., Jankowski, J. A., Siindermann, J., Segschneider, J. (1995). Numerical modeling of sediment transport caused by deep-sea mining. Proceedings, 1st ISOPE ocean mining symposium, Tsukuba, 157-162. 

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