Mixing petroleum

The primary apphcation for this technology is the cleanup of heavily contaminated soils from abandoned herbicide and pesticide manufacturing sites and mixed petroleum wastes containing both hydrocarbon and heavy-metal contaminants. It also has potential as a remediation technique to restore fertility to agricultural soils suffering from overuse and salt buildup from irrigation. 

Elastic-gel comp proplnt is prepd by milling oil-extended GR-S rubber (contg 100 parts rubber 30 ps oil) with 5 ps RPA No 3 (A 36.5% soln of xylyl mercaptan in a hydrocarbon solvent), 5 ps ZnO 1 part stearic acid. Then 300 ps oil is added, in small increments, followed by Captax 12, Tuads 6, diphenylguanidine 18, C black 20, sulfur 6 and finally AN (50-100 mesh) 1892 parts. The batch is mixed 60 mins, deaerated, cast and cured for 24 hrs at 220°F] DD)C.C.Rice W.B.Reynolds, USP 2993769 (1961) CA 55, 27891 (1961) [Comp proplnt prepd by mixing petroleum pitch with a polymer, a phase -stabilized Amm nitrate Amm dichromate. 

For all the samples, the peak areas of the chromatograms were integrated and compared with an external calibration mixture of n-alkanes. Identifications were confirmed from GLC-mass spectral data. Virtually no unsaturates were evident in the mixture, but a small amount of alkyl-substituted benzenes was apparent at short retention times. Quantitative data for two coal liquefaction cmdes, a shale oil cmde, a Louisiana-Mississippi sweet petroleum cmde (LMS) and a mixed petroleum cmde (Alaskan, Ganadian, Galifomian, Iranian, Arabian, and LMS) are shown in Table I. These studies indicated that petroleum and shale cmdes have... 

Mixed Petroleum Crude, and Several Synthetic Crudes Concentration (mg/g) ... 

Vanplast R. [R.T. Vanderbilt] Sodium petroleum si onate and mixed petroleum process oil anticorrosion agent... 

Classification Mixed petroleum hydrocarbons Definition Mixed isomer contg. 85% nonane and 15% trimethylbenzene Properties Colorless clear liq. petrol, odor misc. with abs. alcohol, benzene, ether, chloroform, CCI CS2, most org. soivs. insol. in water m.w. 150 sp.gr. 0.78 f.p. -70 C b.p. 157-196 C flash pt. (CC) 40 C ref. index 1.43 (20 C) KB value 32-37 Toxicology ACGIH TLV/TWA100 ppm LD50 (oral, rat) > 5 g/kg, (skin, rabbit) > 3 g/kg LCLo (inh., cat, 2.5 h) 10 g/m mildly toxic by inh. (irritation, CNS effects, headache, dizziness, confusion, fatigue) human eye irritant probably a mild to mod. skin irritation TSCA listed Precaution Combustible flamm. exposed to heat or flame explosive in vapor form when exposed to heat or flame reactive with oxidizing materials... 

Classification Mixed petroleum hydrocarbons Definition Mixed isomer contg. 85% nonane and 15% trimethylbenzene... 

A process to manufacture synthetic sulfonates was developed by Suntech Inc.. According to this process, caustic is used to neutralize the product, which minimizes the water usage during the process. Various companies such as Exxon and Shell have employed synthetic sulfonates for improving oil recovery. Several more expensive synthetic sulfonates also have been used as additives in the EOR processes. In such cases, a portion of the petroleum sulfonate prepared by sulfonation of gas/oil or crude oil is replaced with the synthetic sulfonates. It has been observed that the surfactant formulations containing mixed petroleum sulfonate and synthetic sulfonate have resulted in improved oil recovery. 

Previous investigators have shown that by replacing petroleum sulfonates with the ethoxylated sulfonate EOR-200, the optimal salinity can be increased to as high as 32% NaCl brine (Table 1). These results demonstrated that the mixed petroleum sulfonates and ethoxylated sulfonates or alcohol formulations are promising candidates for reservoirs containing formation water of high salinity. Recently,... 

The electrochemical production of aluminum utilizes pre-baked or Soderberg anodes. Pre-baked anodes are manufactured by mixing petroleum or pitch coke with around 20% of electrode binder (see Chapter 13.1.2), followed by molding, as is also usual for the production of graphite electrodes. The green electrodes are baked in a ring furnace at a temperature of 1200 °C. 

Otowa et al. [53], who mixed petroleum cokes with KOH, as well as those of Beguin and Setton [122], Mochida et al. [123,124], and Yamashita and Ouchi [125-127] related to reactions between aromatic hydrocarbons and other precursors with hydroxides, and those of Diez-Teran et al. [84], who mixed KOH with a lignocellulosic material. 

Obviously then, any situation where an alkyl phosphoric add ester-hydrocarbon mixture is liquid or even partially liquid will lead to some measure of selective migration into the powder and therefore antifoam deactivation. Such situations could occur during periods of storage of the powder at elevated temperatures or when the antifoam is sprayed directly onto hot powder immediately after production from a spray-drying tower, as described by Curtis et al. [35]. The antifoam exemplified in this patent consisted of a mixture of a commercial (Cig-Cig) alkyl phosphoric acid monoester and a petroleum jelly, which is a hydrocarbon gel at ambient temperatures with a carbon number >25. Mixing petroleum jelly with the phosphoric acid monoester in the preferred ratio of 1 3 by weight produces an effective antifoam precursor with a drop melting point of 58°C. Curtis et al. [35] describe both full-plant scale... 

Confucius writes about the drilling of 100-foot (30-meter) natural gas wells in China. The Chinese build pipelines for oil using bamboo poles. Arab and Persian chemists mix petroleum with quicklime to make Greek fire, the napahn of its day. 

Until about 1950, only two types of dry cleaning detergents were used— true soaps and filter soaps. True soaps were simply colloidal sols or gels composed of soaps and fatty-acid mixtures. Filter soaps were so called because they were soluble in solvent and consequently passed through the filter unit. Filter soaps were petroleum and other types of sulfonates. Today sulfonates of mixed petroleum hydrocarbons have been replaced by purer synthetic detergents. 

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