Minorities defined

During each media fill, all major and minor defined interventions will be microbiologically monitored. 

An emulsion may be defined as a mixture of particles of one liquid with some second liquid. The two common types of emulsions are oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/0), where the term oil is used to denote the water-insoluble fiuid. These two types are illustrated in Fig. XIV-1, where it is clear that the majority or outer phase is continuous, whereas the minority or inner phase is not. These two emulsion types are distinguished by their ability to disperse oil or water-soluble dyes, their dilution with oil or water, and their conductivity (O/W emulsions have much higher conductivity than do W/0 ones see Ref. 1 for reviews). 

The enantiomeric excess (ee) is defined as %(major enantiomer) - %(minor enantiomer). 

Modeling the elements discussed in this section is fairly similar to modeling organic compounds. This is primarily because d and/orbitals play a minor role in their chemistry. When d and/ orbitals do affect the chemistry, their effect is well defined and for the most part understood. 

Smoke, Flash, and Fire Points. These thermal properties may be determined under standard test conditions (57). The smoke poiat is defined as the temperature at which smoke begias to evolve continuously from the sample. Flash poiat is the temperature at which a flash is observed whea a test flame is appHed. The fire poiat is defiaed as the temperature at which the fire coatiaues to bum. These values are profouadly affected by minor coastitueats ia the oil, such as fatty acids, moao- and diglycerides, and residual solvents. These factors are of commercial importance where fats or oils are used at high temperatures such as ia lubricants or edible frying fats. 

The dissipation factor (the ratio of the energy dissipated to the energy stored per cycle) is affected by the frequency, temperature, crystallinity, and void content of the fabricated stmcture. At certain temperatures and frequencies, the crystalline and amorphous regions become resonant. Because of the molecular vibrations, appHed electrical energy is lost by internal friction within the polymer which results in an increase in the dissipation factor. The dissipation factor peaks for these resins correspond to well-defined transitions, but the magnitude of the variation is minor as compared to other polymers. The low temperature transition at —97° C causes the only meaningful dissipation factor peak. The dissipation factor has a maximum of 10 —10 Hz at RT at high crystallinity (93%) the peak at 10 —10 Hz is absent. 

The impurity atoms used to form the p—n junction form well-defined energy levels within the band gap. These levels are shallow in the sense that the donor levels He close to the conduction band (Fig. lb) and the acceptor levels are close to the valence band (Fig. Ic). The thermal energy at room temperature is large enough for most of the dopant atoms contributing to the impurity levels to become ionized. Thus, in the -type region, some electrons in the valence band have sufficient thermal energy to be excited into the acceptor level and leave mobile holes in the valence band. Similar excitation occurs for electrons from the donor to conduction bands of the n-ty e material. The electrons in the conduction band of the n-ty e semiconductor and the holes in the valence band of the -type semiconductor are called majority carriers. Likewise, holes in the -type, and electrons in the -type semiconductor are called minority carriers. 

Pulse radiolysis results (74) have led other workers to conclude that adsorbed OH radicals (surface trapped holes) are the principal oxidants, whereas free hydroxyl radicals probably play a minor role, if any. Because the OH radical reacts with HO2 at a diffusion controlled rate, the reverse reaction, that is desorption of OH to the solution, seems highly unlikely. The surface trapped hole, as defined by equation 18, accounts for most of the observations which had previously led to the suggestion of OH radical oxidation. The formation of H2O2 and the observations of hydroxylated intermediate products could all occur via... 

Ternary Alloys. Almost ah commercial ahoys are of ternary or higher complexity. Ahoy type is defined by the nature of the principal ahoying additions, and phase reactions in several classes of ahoys can be described by reference to ternary phase diagrams. Minor ahoying additions may have a powerflil influence on properties of the product because of the influence on the morphology and distribution of constituents, dispersoids, and precipitates. Phase diagrams, which represent equhibrium, may not be indicative of these effects. 

Textile fibers must be flexible to be useful. The flexural rigidity or stiffness of a fiber is defined as the couple required to bend the fiber to unit curvature (3). The stiffness of an ideal cylindrical rod is proportional to the square of the linear density. Because the linear density is proportional to the square of the diameter, stiffness increases in proportion to the fourth power of the filament diameter. In addition, the shape of the filament cross-section must be considered also. For textile purposes and when flexibiUty is requisite, shear and torsional stresses are relatively minor factors compared to tensile stresses. Techniques for measuring flexural rigidity of fibers have been given in the Hterature (67—73). 

Miscellaneous Colorants. Other colorants not requiring certification have been defined in the Code of Federal Regulations. Most of these ate of only minor to moderate importance and have only limited usage. 

If the impurity or minor component is completely or partially soluble in the sohd phase of the component being purified, it is convenient to define a distribution coefficient /c, defined by Eq. (22-1) ... 

A blast incident overpressure of 35 kN/m" (5 psi) is often used to define the region beyond which the damage caused will be minor and not lead to significant involvement of plant and equipment beyond the 35 kN/m" boundary. 

The composition of the test solution should be controlled to the billest extent possible and be described as thoroughly and as accurately as possible when the results are reported. Minor constituents should not be overlooked because they often affect corrosion rates. Chemical content should be reported as percentage by weight of the solution. Molarity and normality are also nelpbil in defining the concentration of chemicals in the test solution. The composition of the test solution should be checked by analysis at the end of the test to... 

That is, a determinant of order n is obviously defined in terms of determinants of order n-1. In Equation (A.11), the detenminant is called the minor of element A-n, and the quantity is called the... 

Major and minor type failures are treated. Minor failures are defined as those which cause (or would have caused) an unscheduled shutdown of equipment for a period of less than 24 hours. A major failure is defined as any failure which results in an unscheduled shutdown for a period tif greater than 24 hours. Safety-related failures were defined as failures which resulted either in a fire, injury, loss of life, or a large lea)c of liquid or gas. To qualify as a safety-related failure, the liquid or gas release had to be large enough to have the potential to injure or have injured plant personnel, or have been severe enough to propagate beyond the immediate area. 

Additional control of the nucleophilic substitution pathways a and b should be possible by varying the properties of the heteroarylium moiety in 33 as well as the substituent R and, to a minor extent, by the nature of the C-bonded halogen. Tire cation of 7a appeared to be an especially useful model compound and was thus selected in order to systematically study these influences and to define a standard situation. Structure 7a is easily accessible in excellent yield, and its molecular size allowed high-level MO calculations. 

A minor change in the computation above yields the numbers of combinations without repetitions of s figures from [4>] with content We call this number and define the generating... 

The recombination rate Ptlx, which is defined as the number of generated exci-tons in A/ divided by the number of generated excitons in At plus the number of minority carriers passing through the device in At, for an unbalanced LED (where j(x) jp(x) 3> j (x) and pp pH) is given by the following equation ... 

Phthalocyanines are commonly very stable compounds. Therefore, the macrocyclic structure of these compounds is maintained during most of the chemical reactions. If reaction conditions are harsh enough to break bonds ofthe macrocyclic skeleton, usually defined or undefined97-361 products of minor interest are obtained. Usually, however, reactions on phthalocyanines can be regarded as syntheses of other phthalocyanine compounds. 

This second classification is not rigorous since often the polymer structure is not defined by only one type of repeat unit and the furan ring is encountered both in the backbone and as a side group. However, it is felt that the practical convenience of this classification outweight its minor inconsistencies. 

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