Mining dust emissions

Thompson, R. J. Visser, A. T. 2002. Benchmarking and management of fugitive dust emissions from surface-mine haul roads. Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, Section A Mining Technology, 111, A28-A34. 

It should be noted that these coal mines lack relevant date records in the total emission of coal dust. The main dust production sites underground are heading face, coal working face, shotcreting operating point, and transfer point. The dust is imported into the return air shaft through wind currents and indirect total dust emissions can be achieved as long as we get the dates of dust concentration in the air shaft and in the total return air volume. 

Where is the added value of dust concentration in the air, xg m is the dust emissions form mine... 

The 2 billion tons of waste coal fines existing in impoundments and ponds is an environmental and safety problem for the coal mining and coal preparation community. Coal fines do not readily dewater, and will remain in suspension in water—the primary transport medium in the coal cleaning processes— for long times. If stocked out and dried, these fines become a fugitive dust emissions source. Morc likely, however, they will be handled by being placed behind the many dams in impoimdments... 

FDA) standards. Another example is the mining industry, which complies with the OSHA mine dust standards as well as with the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) regulations for dust emission [32],... 

Measure the dust emission rate for samples of the slurry in wind tunnel simulations using the control volume approach to correct for advection transport. Given the remote location of the site, and the fact that the mine is not in operation as yet, field work is ruled out. 

McKenna-Neuman, C., Boulton, J. W., and Sanderson, S. 2009. Wind tunnel simulation of environmental controls of fugitive dust emissions from mine tailings. Atmospheric Environment 43(3) 520-529. 

There are several hundred thousand abandoned metal-mining sites in the U.S. that have not been assessed for acid runolf, erosion by weathering, and metal dust emission potential. Any increased demand for metals-such as tin, silver, bismuth, and copper-that might be used as alternatives for lead in solder, will require significantly increased use of water and energy to extract the metals from ore that already is becoming depleted. 

Although there are soot emission standards for diesel engines, there are now no U.S. occupational or environmental exposure limits specific for diesel soot. Exposure to diesel soot is targeted to a limited extent by Canadian mine dust standards based on respirable combustible dust. Diesel soot exposures are limited in Germany to 0.6 mg/m in underground noncoal mines and construction sites, and 0.2 mg/m in other occupational settings (81). 

The air pollution problems associated with combustion of coal are of major concern. These problems generally occur away from the coal mine. The problems of atmospheric emissions due to mining, cleaning, handling, and transportation of coal from the mine to the user are of lesser sigruficance as far as the overall air pollution problems are concerned. Whenever coal is handled, particulate emission becomes a problem. The emissions can be either coal dust or inorganic inclusions. Control of these emissions can be relatively expensive if the coal storage and transfer facilities are located near residential areas. 

For each unit process, a reference flow may be defined, and the inputs and outputs to the unit process calculated in relation to the reference flow. For instance, the reference flow for mining of iron ore is the mass of iron ore mined per year, and the emissions to the air may be expressed as kg dust per metric ton of ore. 

Diverse techniques have been employed to identify the sources of elements in atmospheric dust (and surface dust) (Table V). Some involve considering trends in concentration and others use various statistical methods. The degree of sophistication and detail obtained from the analyses increases from top left to bottom right of the Table. The sources identified as contributing the elements in rural and urban atmospheric dusts are detailed in Table VI. The principal sources are crustal material, soil, coal and oil combustion emissions, incinerated refuse emissions, motor vehicle emissions, marine spray, cement and concrete weathering, mining and metal working emissions. Many elements occur in more than one source, and they are classified in the... 

Natural sources of airborne nickel include soil dust, sea salt, volcanoes, forest fires, and vegetation exudates and account for about 16% of the atmospheric nickel burden (Kasprzak 1987 WHO 1991 Chau and Kulikovsky-Cordeiro 1995). Human sources of atmospheric nickel — which account for about 84% of all atmospheric nickel — include emissions from nickel ore mining, smelting, and refining activities combustion of fossil fuels for heating, power, and motor vehicles ... 

Ni, Co, Fe, Cu Emissions from the chemical factory and raised secondary dust from old mine dumps... 

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