Pathogen sensitivity

Since its first commercial use in 2001, there have been no reports of reduced pathogen sensitivity to zoxamide. Laboratory studies to investigate the potential for resistance development to the benzamide class have been carried out with zoxamide [24], and zarilamide [25], a benzamide that binds to the same site as zoxamide on jS-tubulin [7]. In these studies, attempts to isolate resistant mutants in different Oomycetes using chemical mutagenesis, UV irradiation or adaptation were unsuccessful. These results suggest that the risk for resistance development to zoxamide in its commercial target pathogens is relatively low. 

EVANS Has anyone documented a change in pathogen sensitivity to air pollution after exposure to an air pollution ... 

Widespread use of commercial fimgicides for powdery mildew control has generally been accompanied widi the onset of resistance or reduced pathogen sensitivity. In an on-going effort to combat this problem, the crop protection industry remains committed to finding new products with novel modes-of-action for the mmicetplace. 

Uniform printed with colour changing pathogen sensitive ink. 

Colour changing pathogen sensitive ink with hazard symbol graphic. 

Kliebenstein DJ, Rowe HC, Denby KJ (2005) Secondary metabolites influence Arabidopsis/ Botrytis interactions Variation in host production and pathogen sensitivity. Plant J 44 25-36. 

Precise and rapid detection the pathogenic microorganisms is one the most important problems of clinical medicine. However, some of the conventional approaches are time-consuming and depend on the different conditions observance. Therefore, the immunoassay is widely used for the identification of the small amounts of the biological active compounds due to its selectivity and sensitivity. 

Hurt AC, lanneUo P, Jachno K, Komadina N, Hampson AW, Barr IG, McKimm-Breschkin JL (2006) Neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant and -sensitive influenza B viruses isolated from an untreated human patient, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50 1872-1874 Hurt AC, Selleck P, Komadina N, Shaw R, Brown L, Barr IG (2007) Susceptibility of highly pathogenic A(H5N1) avian influenza viruses to the neuraminidase inhibitors and adamantanes. Antiviral Res 73 228-231... 

From a shear sensitivity perspective, it is particularly interesting to note that the OB has also been observed to occur in response to other, non-pathogenic stimuli, including wounding [176], agitation [177-180], pressure [181,182] and osmotic stress [180,183]. Relevant studies are summarized in Table 4. 

Empirical therapy for postoperative infections in neurosurgical patients (including patients with CSF shunts) should include vancomycin in combination with either cefepime, ceftazidime, or meropenem. Linezolid has been reported to reach adequate CSF concentrations and resolve cases of meningitis refractory to vancomycin.35 However, data with linezolid are limited. The addition of rifampin should be considered for treatment of shunt infections. When culture and sensitivity data are available, pathogen-directed antibiotic therapy should be administered. Removal of infected devices is desirable aggressive antibiotic therapy (including high-dose intravenous antibiotic therapy plus intraventricular vancomycin and/or tobramycin) may be effective for patients in whom hardware removal is not possible.36... 

Empiric antimicrobial therapy should target likely causative pathogen(s) based on patient-specific risk factors and route of infection. However, therapy should be modified based on culture and sensitivity data. 

Events involving deliberate or accidental distribution of bacterial pathogens into our everyday environment have clearly defined the need for a sensitive, specific, and rapid method of bacterial detection. Bioterrorism was first introduced in the United States in 1984 with the Salmonella typhimurium attack in The Dalles, Oregon, by a cult group attempting to affect a local election.1 As a result of this act 751 people contracted salmonellosis, which totally overwhelmed the hospitals and medical clinics with patients. Later our society became keenly aware of the potential of bioterrorism during the last four months of 2001 when Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) spores were sent through the US mail in an envelope to several locations. These events had... 

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