Middle distillate coal-derived fuels

Test Results with Middle Distillate Coal-Derived Fuels,... 

Liquid fuels for use in internal-combustion engines are extracted and refined from crude oil, with diesel fuels being part of the middle distillate or kerosene fraction. Kerosene was initially derived from coal pyrolysis. The initial main use of this type of distillate was for the kerosene lamp, which had replaced lamps based on whale oil. 

In the studies carried out to date, eight fuels have been tested which include six synfuels and two petroleum derived fuels. The synfuels tested included SRC-II middle and heavy distillate fuels, a blend of these fuels, and one SRC fuel blended with the process donor solvent. Composition data for the various fuels are presented in Table I, where it can be seen that the coal derived liquids have a higher C H ratio than either the diesel or residual petroleum oils, indicative of a higher aromatic hydrocarbon content. The shale-derived DFM on the other hand is a highly processed fuel and has a C H ratio similar to the petroleum diesel oil. Complete analyses of all the actual fuels tested were unfortunately not available at the time of writing, and, where necessary, typical analyses have been taken from previous studies. 

Gardner et al. reported that H2S catalytic partial oxidation technology with an AC catalyst is a promising method for the removal of H2S from fuel cell hydrocarbon feedstocks.206 Three different fuel cell feedstocks were considered for analysis sour natural gas, sour effluent from a liquid middle distillate fuel processor, and a Texaco 02-blown coal-derived synthesis gas. Their experimental results indicate that H2S concentration can be removed down to the part per million level in these plants. Additionally, a power-law rate expression was developed and reaction kinetics compared with prior literature. The activation energy for this reaction was determined to be 34.4 kJ/g mol with the reaction being first order in H2S and 0.3 order in 02. 

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