Microscopes Binocular

Virtual binoculars (VBs) This system is technically equivalent to the HMD, but it is mounted on a fixed position and is meant to be used as the classical microscope binoculars. There are commercial microscope systems that include their own VBs, but the concept can be applied to any microscope equipped with cameras or even... 

At the air-substrate interface, transparent materials such as glasses or plastics suffer from reflection losses. For this reason, anti-reflective (AR) coatings are often necessary to reduce reflectance of the substrates and/or increase the optical efficiency of optical devices such as cameras, microscopes, binoculars, or telescopes. In this context, sol-gel AR films have been extensively studied, e.g. for automotive applications or for cathode ray tubes (CRT) used in TV screens or computer display terminals (Berks, 1999 Morimoto, 2001). Nowadays, more than 85% of CRTs are coated by wet chemical methods (Abe, 2003). 

Most AR coatings are still produced by evaporation but CVD is gradually introduced particularly in applications with three-dimensional surfaces or deep recesses. AR coatings are used in numerous applications, which include lasers, lenses for cameras and binoculars, instrument panels, microscopes, telescopes, range finders, etc., as well as on automotive and architectural glasses. 

Figure 3. Starting with the binocular microscope, discriminatory power increases in a counterclockwise direction, as indicated by the circular background. Variations in flowline width reflect the differential sampling capabilities of the techniques. Special petrological techniques include X-ray diffraction, electron and proton microprobe, staining, and heavy mineral separation.

In order to prepare standard mineral mixtures, pyrite (Py), pyrrhotite (Po), chalcopyrite (Cp), sphalerite (Sp), siderite (Sid), dolomite (Dol), calcite (Cal) and quartz (Qz) were acquired as pure mineral samples through a specialized distributor (Minerobec, Canada). These 8 pure minerals were further cleaned under a binocular microscope and separately crushed to reach 95% under 150pm (typical tailings grain size distribution e.g. Aubertin et al. 2002). Each pure mineral powder was characterized thereafter with a series of chemical and mineralogical techniques. More details can be found in Bouzahzah et al. (2008). The relative density of each mineral specimen were measured with an He pycnometer and are... 

Fracture tips in half longitudinally with a razor blade and a hammer (using a binocular microscope). 

Compound (V) is used as an insecticide and is marketed as a 50 per cent solution under the name of hanane, which also contains 5 per cent of O.M.P.A. Hanane properly placed at the roots of cocoa trees kills mealy-bugs in the crown of the tree without harming beneficial insects such as ants which effect pollination. Five hundred trees infested with mealy-bugs were treated 2 10 per cent of the trees, chosen at random, were cut down before treatment and after treatment, and the number of mealy-bugs counted under a binocular microscope. After 6 weeks only thirty-five mealy-bugs were present on the treated trees as opposed to 42,971 counted before treatment in the untreated portion, a reduction of 99-9 per cent. It is well known that several species of mealy-bug, especially Pseudococcus ujalensis, transmit strains of swollen shoot virus, which kill the cocoa tree in 2-4 years. Thus the spread of the disease can be effectively controlled by this systemic insecticide (see also p. 171). 

Most microscopes are designed so that some or all of the fight may be directed to either the binocular eyepieces for observation or to the camera for photography. To maximize the emitted fluorescence directed to the camera, a 0-100% reflector prism or mirror is a necessity. This arrangement allows one to direct 100% of the light to the camera when taking a picture. 

Treated branches were allowed to remain under natural conditions attached to the trees until August 13 and 16, when they were removed so that results on scale kill could be taken. This record was obtained through the aid of a binocular microscope. The ap-... 

Semimicro methods of analysis have been extended to the application of such a down to earth problem as the determination of oil in wax by Wiberly and Rather (67). This procedure is certainly no academic development and is at the present time undergoing standardization in the ASTM. It will probably replace the existing macro method. These authors (68) adapted and employed analysis under the microscope to analyze sediments and deposits collected from systems employing petroleum lubricants. The petrographic and binocular microscopes are used for this purpose. 

Method A is examination at 30x magnification with a binocular microscope and an optional camera. Illumination is at an oblique angle of 30° to accentuate the surface detail. The test piece is cut by a razor blade and vulcanized or unvulcanised material can be used. In the latter case, the sample is first compressed to minimize trapped air and the blade is heated. Warning is given that the result may not be the same as when using a vulcanized test piece. The result is compared to a set of standard photographs that are given in the standard. 

Fig. 2.12. Glove bag fitted around a binocular microscope. A hole large enough to fit the eyepiece of the microscope is cut in the top of the glove bag. The glove bag is then fastened to the microscope using electrical tape and purged of atmospheric gases.

Binocular microscope and lamp Field forms and folders Used to assist identification of panned concentrate minerals/contaminants Field forms as illustrated in Fig. 4.3 and a folder to keep them dry and clean. Ideally could be replaced by handheld computer devices... 

A binocular microscope which is adjustable for various inter-pupillary distances should always be used on the same interpupil-lary setting as was used for alignment of the cross hairs for zero extinction, if the field rotates as interpupillary distance is adjusted. 

Microscopy. Three levels of magnification were required to characterize adequately the morphology of the molded polymer samples and of fracture surfaces after the impact test. A low power binocular microscope covering the magnification range from 2 to 12 times permitted initial evaluation of the fracture surface after which specific areas and... 

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