Mealy bugs

Bugs coca is amazingly resistant to insects and mites. Mealy bugs are the worst offenders. These may be removed with a forceps or cotton swab dipped in 50-70% alcohol. Keep infested plants in quarantine. Malathion may be used as a last resort, but then leaves cannot be used until the next flush (of leaves). 

Compound (V) is used as an insecticide and is marketed as a 50 per cent solution under the name of hanane, which also contains 5 per cent of O.M.P.A. Hanane properly placed at the roots of cocoa trees kills mealy-bugs in the crown of the tree without harming beneficial insects such as ants which effect pollination. Five hundred trees infested with mealy-bugs were treated 2 10 per cent of the trees, chosen at random, were cut down before treatment and after treatment, and the number of mealy-bugs counted under a binocular microscope. After 6 weeks only thirty-five mealy-bugs were present on the treated trees as opposed to 42,971 counted before treatment in the untreated portion, a reduction of 99-9 per cent. It is well known that several species of mealy-bug, especially Pseudococcus ujalensis, transmit strains of swollen shoot virus, which kill the cocoa tree in 2-4 years. Thus the spread of the disease can be effectively controlled by this systemic insecticide (see also p. 171). 

Cane growers in Barbados are interested in chlorinated hydrocarbons for control of sugar cane root borer, sugar cane root mealy bug, and yellow ant. They are interested in data on persistence of such chemicals in the soil and methods of testing for them. Jamaica reports a probable annual use of 5 tons of DDT for control of sugar cane fly. 

A limited degree of biolo ical control of the vectors of swollen shoot has been obtained by parasitizing the mealy bug vectors with Aspergillus parasiticus, according to a reference made by Chatt (10) to the work of Nicol, Owen, and Strickland. 

The chemical found to be the most effective to date for the control of the mealy bugs is dimefox (bisdimethylaminofluorophosphine oxide). This is the active ingredient of the commercial product Hanane produced by Pest Control, Ltd., London, which holds a contract for investigation and control of swollen shoot viruses. Hanane is applied to the soil around the roots of the trees and a very significant reduction in the mealy bug population has been obtained by this method. 

Root Mealy Bug, Leaf and Stem Mealy Bug, Palomillo... 

Ants attend the mealy bugs, and these ants are of special importance. The genus Pheidol occurs in the Eastern Hemisphere, and Acropiga in the Western. These insects carry the mealy bugs from place to place, protect them from predators, keep them free from disease and dirt, and are most important in their life economy. Without ant help the mealy bug colonies cannot flourish. 

When control of the underground type of mealy bug is attempted, the planter has... 

Sooty mold is sometimes troublesome by causing an unsightly appearance of the fruit. The mold growth follows the feeding of mealy bugs and aphids on the inside of the fingers of the bunch of bananas and is usually not seen until the fruit is ready for sale. Economic field control measures should be developed. 

Perhaps the best known of these are the scale insects, family Coccidae (order Homop-tera), represented by the San Jose scale. This species has for many years been a serious pest of deciduous fruits. Another group within this family, the mealy bugs, are also susceptible to oil sprays. Oils used in control of these species are directed against the adults or partially grown forms. 

In screening tests it was observed that this isoparaflBnic oil, at 100% concentration, killed from 85 to 95% of mealy bugs and aphids in the greenhouse. Test plants such as peach, gardenia, squash, com, and bean were uninjured at this concentration. 

Many species of the Ladybug family (Coccinellidae) play a beneficial role in controlling populations of harmful insects such as aphids, mealy bugs and scale insects (70MI30800). Ladybugs have few natural enemies. When disturbed they emit droplets of a fluid from their joints which serve as an efficient deterrent to would-be predators. 

Mirex was first synthesized in 1946 but it was not introduced as a pesticide against hymenopterous insects, especially ants, until 1959 (Smith, 1991). Technical grade mirex consists of approximately 95% mirex and less than 2.5% chlordecone, mostly kepone (Eisler, 1985). Mirex is a stomach insecticide with little contact activity. The main use of mirex was against the imported fire ants in the south-eastern United States (WHO, 1984b). It has also been used to control leaf cutters in South America, harvester termites in South Africa, Western harvester ants in the United States, the pineapple mealy bug in Hawaii and it was proposed to have been used against yellow jacket wasps in the United States (WHO, 1995). Under the trade name of Dechlorane, mirex was used as a fire retardant in electronic components, fabrics, rubber, plastics and electrical goods (Eisler, 1985 WHO, 1995). 

Ladybugs are natural predators of aphids, mealy bugs, and leaf hoppers and may be introduced into a garden environment as a nonchemical pest-control method. 

Uses Mirex is used in North America and in the southeastern United States for the control of fire and ants. Mirex is also effective against the hamster ant, the yellow-jacket, the Texas leaf-cutting ant, and the Hawaiian mealy bug. A ban on the use of mirex for pest control with exemptions was brought in on June 30, 1978. It has its use as a fire retardant in plastics, rubber, paint, paper, and electrical goods from 1959 to 1972 due to its high melting point and high chemical stability.14,48... 

Mealy bugs - 7s to U inch long bugs with a white waxy color... 

The staphylinid beetle Stenus comma secretes the alkaloid stenusine (120) which has water spreading properties and thus allows the insect to move easily over the surface of the water. The absolute stereochemistry of the base has not been established, although the gross structure (120) has been synthesised (H. Schildknecht et al., Angew Chem. Intern.Ed., 1975, 14, 427). Australian mealy bugs Cryptolaemus montrouzieri excrete the dialkyIpiperidine (121), and probably also the trans-isomer as well (W.V. 

Mealy bugs (Planococcus spp.) are also plant fluid sucking insects which sometimes attack kava aerial parts and roots. Severe infestation can lead to defoliation, and in the case of root infestation, to a general unsightly plant appearance. 

Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) 2198 mg/kg, (skin, rat) > 5 g/kg avoid inh. and skin and eye contact mutagen Storage Store in a cool place Uses Insecticide, larvicide against mealy bug rice planthoppers, scales and whiteflies insect growth regulator... 

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