Microbiology and microbiological

Priest, F. G., Stewart, G. G. (2006). Handbook of brewing (2nd ed.). Microbiology and microbiological control in the brewery, CRC Press. Print ISBN 978-0-8247-2657-7, eBook ISBN 978-1-4200-1517-1. 

Malic acid crystallizes in colourless needles m.p. lOO C. It o- curs in many acid fruits, such as grapes, apples and gooseberries. It can be prepared by microbiological processes using various moulds or from ( + )-bromosuccinic acid by the action of NaOH. 

The pipelines wear and increase of their total length, complex natural-technical and social terms of operation of the most hazardous objects e g., nuclear and heating power plants, chemical and microbiological enterprises, air-space systems, hydro-technical installations, all types of traffic, etc. — here are the reasons of urgent necessity to use as much as possible the NDT and TD systems. 

Marecek and colleagues developed a new electrochemical method for the rapid quantitative analysis of the antibiotic monensin in the fermentation vats used during its production. The standard method for the analysis, which is based on a test for microbiological activity, is both difficult and time-consuming. As part of the study, samples taken at different times from a fermentation production vat were analyzed for the concentration of monensin using both the electrochemical and microbiological procedures. The results, in parts per thousand (ppt), are reported in the following table. 

Fox, A., Morgan, S.L., Larsson, L., and Oldham, G., Analytical Microbiology Methods Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Plenum Press, New York, 1990. 

H. B. Woodmff and L. E. MacDaniel, Sth Symposium of the Society for General Microbiology, Society for General Microbiology, London, 1958, pp. 29-32. 

A. L. Demain and N. A. Solomon, eds.. Manual of Industrial Microbiology andBiotechnology, American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., 1986. An excellent source of practical appHcations technology. 

A. H. Rose, ed.. Economic Microbiology, Vols. 1—5, Academic Press, Ltd., London, 1977—1981. Provides good biochemical and physiological insights. 

Biodeterioration. For objects made out of organic materials, mold and insect attack are a principal cause of damage. Microbiological organisms can also be responsible for serious deterioration of outdoor stone. Museums, especially storage areas, are quite conducive to providing the conditions in which infestations can occur. Objects are stored in close proximity, and left untouched for prolonged periods, often with Htde if any ak movement. 

ASTA has also made available a manual of microbiological methods (10) which contains 22 different procedures for the detection and enumeration of microorganisms occurring in spices. A handbook on clean spices for ASTA members (11) is available. 

Poultry, Fish. About a quarter of food products in the United States are meats, including beef, poultry, fish, lamb, veal, and pork. AH of these are susceptible to microbiological, en2ymatic, and physical changes. 

Poultry, susceptible to microbiological deterioration, is an excellent substrate for Salmonella. Therefore, the temperature is reduced as rapidly as possible after slaughter. Packagiag at factory level is in soft film, ie, low density polyethylene or plastici2ed PVC, which retards water-vapor loss and permits oxygen entry. 

Gandy. Chocolate is subject to flavor or microbiological change. Inclusions such as nuts and fillings such as caramel are susceptible to water gain or loss. Chocolates, which are stable, are packaged in greaseproof papers and moisture/fat barriers such as polypropylene film (see Chocolate and cocoa). 

A. C. Hersom and E. D. HuUand, CannedFoods An Introduction to Their Microbiology, Chemical Publishing Co., New York, 1964. 

Seafood Toxins. Vktually scores of fish and shellfish species have been reported to have toxic manifestations. Most of these toxicities have been shown to be microbiological ki origin. There are a few, however, that are natural components of seafoods. 

Some of the other research studies have addressed topics such as high soHds biomass digestion (154), utilization of superthermophilic organisms (155), advanced reactor designs (156), landfill gas enhancement (157), and microbiology of the mixed cultures involved in methane fermentation (158). 

Immunoassay is a method that identifies and quantifies unknown analytes usiag antibody—antigen reactions. Techniques are based ia immunochemistry, analytical chemistry, and biochemistry, with a history of development paralleling advances ia microbiology and immunology (see also Immunotherapeutic agents). 

Industrial antimicrobial agents are chemicals used to prevent the adverse consequences of microbiological activity in processes and products. Some are unique to this segment and others are drawn from the antimicrobial agents used in medicine, agriculture, and sanitary appHcations. Industrial antimicrobials are selected where process or stricdy physical conditions, such as irradiation or heat, are impractical or ineffective in controlling microbiological activity. 

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