Microbiological Reactors Fermenters, Cell Tissue Culture Vessels, and Waste Water Treatment Plants

1 Microbiological Reactors (Fermenters, Cell Tissue Culture Vessels and Waste Water Treatment Plants) 

A more or less clear overview of the enormous number of very different types of designs in fermentation, cell tissue culture, food, and waste water and waste treatment technology is possible. The designs cover technological application, the stirring and aeration system, and the phase of the main substrates. 

Aerated, stirred vessels can be called standard or reference bioreactors (Dechema, 1982) Equipped with various stirrers, they are generally suitable for most uses (Zlokarnik, 1972). Additional mixing of the fluid can be obtained by building in various baffles and fins. A new development is the so-called totally filled bioreactor (Karrer, 1978 Puhar et al., 1978). 

The various types of plug flow bioreactors were recently surveyed by Moser (1985a). They utilize surface aeration by means of a variety of rotating brushes, rotors, cone aerators, or gas or fluid jets such as are found in biological waste water treatment plants. Beyond all mechanically driven systems, reactors can also be both aerated and mixed pneumatically, or one pump can serve for both mixing and hydrodynamic stirring. 

Laderach, Widmer, and Einsele, 1978 the cyclone reactor, Dawson, 1974 the cycle tube cyclone reactor, Liepe et al., 1978). The plunging jet reactor developed by Vogelbusch, Vienna, in collaboration with the Engineering Center, Bohlen G., East Germany, is another type of special design that works with a two-phase pump and a foam-like gas/liquid mixture (Schreier, 1975 Steiner et al., 1977). The last type of bioreactor to be mentioned is the thin-film type. Here the liquid and/or solid phase is in the form of a thin layer, and this promotes the reaction. 

---