Thin-film types

Thick films are usually 0.6-10 nm and allow higher sample loading, better retention for volatile compounds, and a high degree of inertness. Their main drawback, however, is larger bleed at high temperature as compared to the thin film type. The medium film thickness is about 0.3-0.6 pm and is a useful compromise in terms of sample capacity, retention properties, and phase stability. 

Table VII. Asphalt Protective Coatings, Thin-Film Type for Above-Ground Service...

The French Nuclear Research Center CEA announced the successful fabrication of high performances prototypes fuelled by H2 and based on thin films type structures on Si substrate obtained by micro-electronics fabrication techniques (RIE for fuel micro-channels, PVD for anode collector, CVD, serigraphy, inkjet for Pt catalyst, lithography) with a Nafion membrane [15]. An impressive power density of 300 mW cm with a stabilisation around 150 mW cm" during hundred hours was reported. 

Enzyme-Embedded LbL Devices 3.1 Thin Film Type... 

It is noted that all of the semiconductor gas sensors so far in use are of the thick film (or layer) type, prepared through the wet processes discussed above. Thin film type devices, especially those fabricated via physical methods such as sputtering, have frequently shown interesting sensing performances in the short term, but little use is currently made of these devices. 

On the other hand, electrodes with different geometry were applied to the semiconductor gas sensors. Korotcenkov reviewed practical aspects in the design of one-electrode semiconductor gas sensors. Figure 3.8 shows standard two-electrode and one-electrode sensors schematically in planar view. The schematic electrical circuits of these sensors are also shown in Fig. 3.8, where i pt is a coil resistance of Ft spiral, i Meo is the inter-turn resistance of metal-oxide ceramics and Rs is a total resistance of the sensor. The physical configuration of ceramics type and thin film type one-electrode semiconductor gas sensors are shown in Figs 3.9 and 3.10. ... 

Schematic view of thin film type, one-electrode, semiconductor gas sensor and its circuit. 

Figure 7 Intensity profiles for different types of contaminations (A) particulate type deposit (B) thin film type deposit, and (C) bulk substrate.

Laderach, Widmer, and Einsele, 1978 the cyclone reactor, Dawson, 1974 the cycle tube cyclone reactor, Liepe et al., 1978). The plunging jet reactor developed by Vogelbusch, Vienna, in collaboration with the Engineering Center, Bohlen G., East Germany, is another type of special design that works with a two-phase pump and a foam-like gas/liquid mixture (Schreier, 1975 Steiner et al., 1977). The last type of bioreactor to be mentioned is the thin-film type. Here the liquid and/or solid phase is in the form of a thin layer, and this promotes the reaction. 

Expected probe life Long (5 to too mil) Short (5 to 40 mil) Long Short for thin film type, long for imbedded... 

For the practical applications, thin-film type sensors are fabricated. The structure of the sensor is shown in Fig. 6. 

Even thin film-type, all-solid-state Li-ion batteries with an A1 anode lose 90 % of their original capacity after 100 cycles [138], a behavior in contrast to that observed with similar all-solid-state batteries using Si anodes [139]. The degradation mechanism of such Al-based all-solid-state batteries would be different from that of NWs as it would result from Li trapping in AlLi domains formed on the top surface of the A1 anode. This trapping would be due to the lack of surface pathways allowing Li and A1 to out-diffuse from the AlLi domains upon delithiation [138]. 

Ko JM, Min BG, Kim DW, Ryu KS, Kim KM, Le YG, Chang SH (2004) Thin-film type Li-ion battery, using a polyethylene separator grafted with glycidyl methacrylate. Electrochim Acta 50 367-370... 

Lower interface resistance due to better interface contacts Flexible shape, including thin-film type... 

The other approach is an attempt for a thinner electrolyte supported on a porous electrode. Recently, many researchers have been working on a thin-film-type SOFC to realize an intermediate-temperature fuel cell [6-9]. In this approach, the eleetrolyte must be supported on either the anode or cathode. The main diffieulty regarding this approach hes in making a solid thin film on a porous electrode. To get a dense electrolyte layer, the electrolyte thickness should be several times larger than the maximum pore size of the support electrode. Thus, the preparation method of the support electrode with good pore-size distribution is a key technology of this approach not only it is difficult, but... 

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