Cell and tissue culture

Some plant cells can be encouraged to grow in vitro under specific controlled conditions, which can be used to produce secondary plant metabolites at higher yields than those found in plants, but at a high cost. There are few examples where the technological difficulties and costs involved have led to commercialisation currently, but the valuable pharmaceutical alkaloid berberine, the quinnone shikonin and the terpenoid paclitaxel are all potential candidates for production by cell culture. 

Clearly such approaches are only suited to high-value outlets, but there are still other developing opportunities to access lower-value bulk-market applications for plant-derived materials. 

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Because of cell speciaHzation, some produces are produced in cultures of those cellular types. Three main classifications of the types of plant cell and tissue cultures are ... 

Commercial use of cell and tissue culture continues to expand. Improvement of organisms through recombinant nucleic acid techniques has become commonplace. Formerly, a few laboratories were well ahead of most others, but now the methods have been perfected for routine use. Another technique that is widely practiced is culturing of cells that excrete high concentrations of just one antibody protein. The specificity of antibodies and antigens is exploited in medical testing procedures using these pure monoclonal antibodies. 

The production of secondaiy metabohtes has often been characterized using the classical equations of Leudeldng and Piret. However, the complexities of plant cell and tissue cultures have led to revisions to this equation to include fresh cell weight and viability, cell expansion, and culture death phase. Therefore, the production model is written as the following ... 

Yoshida S, Ogawa M, Suenaga K, He C. 1983. Induction and selection of salt-tolerant mutant rices by tissue culture-recent progress at IRRI. In Cell and Tissue Culture Techniques for Cereal Crop Improvement. Beijing Science Press, 237-254. 

Paul J. (1959) Cell and tissue culture. First edition. Livingstone press 261. 

Production of anthocyanins in plant cell and tissue cultures has been reported for more than 30 species including Daucus carota, Fragaria x ananassa, Vaccinium spp., Vitis hybrida, Solanum tuberosum, Malus sylvestris, Aralia cordata, Perilla frutescens, Ipomoea batatas. Euphorbia millii, Strobilanthes dyeriana. Hibiscus sabariffa, Dioscorea cirrhosa, etc. ... 

Veilleux, R. E. (2005). Cell and Tissue Culture of Potato (Solanaceae). In M. K. Razdan, A. K. Mattoo (Eds.), Genetic Improvement of Solanaceous Crops Volume I Potato (pp. 185-208). Science Publishers, Inc, Enfield. 

Table 25.1 Flavour compound found in plant cell and tissue cultures ...

Stafford A, Warren G (eds) (1991) Plant cell and tissue culture. Open University Press, Milton Keynes... 

Fujita Y (1988) In Ciba Foundation symposium 137. Applications of plant cell and tissue culture. Wiley, Chichester, p 228... 

The other focus of biotechnology in intcrogravily is cell and tissue culturing experiments, Located at Johnson Space Flight Center in Houston. Texas, the goal of this research is to grow cells on a tissue in near-weightlessness. that otherwise is unachievable on Earth... 

Paul, J., Cell and Tissue Culture, Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1975., p. 191. 

Brooks MA, Kurtti TJ (1971), Insect cell and tissue culture, Annu. Rev. Entomol. 16 27-52. 

Doyle A, Griffiths JB (1998), Cell and Tissue Culture Laboratory Procedures in Biotechnology, John Wiley Sons, Chichester, UK. 

Van der Valk J, Mellor D, Brands R, Fischer R, Gruber F, Gstraunthaler G, Hellebrekers L, Hyllner J, Jonker FFf, Prieto P, Thalen M, Baumans V (2004), The humane collection of fetal bovine serum and possibilities for serum-free cell and tissue culture, Toxicol. Vitro 18 1-12. 

Miller WM, Reddy A (1998), Quantitative analysis of cell growth, metabolism, and product formation, In Doyle A, Griffiths JB (Eds), Cell and Tissue Culture Laboratory Procedures in Biotechnology, John Wiley Sons, Guildford, UK, pp. 133-159. 

Payne GF, Bringi V, Prince CL, Shuler ML (1992) Plant cell and tissue culture in liquid systems. Hanser Publishers, Munich... 

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