3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine MDMA

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA ecstasy) is a synthetic analog of amphetamine that produces hallucinations, an elevation in mood, and a feeling of emotional closeness . This latter property has led to Ecstasy being referred to as the hug drag . The unique properties of Ecstasy as compared to the parent compound amphetamine are believed to be due to the more selective effects of Ecstasy in promoting transporter-mediated release of serotonin. The use of Ecstasy has become a part of the culture associated with rave style dance parties. 

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), known by the street names ecstasy, XTC, X, Adam, clarity, and lover s speed, was synthesized in 1914 as an appetite suppressant but was never marketed. In the early 1970s, it appeared on the U.S. drug scene under various street names. More recently, the name ecstasy has become synonymous fot MDMA, even in the scien-... 

Halpern JH, Pope HG Jr Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder what do we know after 30 years Drug Alcohol Depend 69 109—119, 2003 Halpern JH, Pope HG Jr, Sherwood AR, et al Residual neuropsychological effects of illicit 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in individuals with minimal exposure to other drugs. Drug Alcohol Depend 7 149-152, 2004 Hatrick JA, Dewhurst K Delayed psychosis due to LSD. Lancet 2 742-744, 1970... 

There is virtually no one who is involved in drug abuse research, or who studies the properties of recreationally used drugs, that is not by now familiar with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) (figure 1). Over the past 4 years this substance, usually referred to in the popular press as Ecstasy, has received widespread media attention. This chapter will relate recent findings with respect to the potential dangers attendant on the use of MDMA and explore its pharmacological properties. 

Steele, T.D. Nichols, D.E. and Yim, G.K.W. Stereochemical effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and related amphetamine derivatives on inhibition of uptake of [ H]-monoamines into synaptosomes from different regions of rat brain. Biochem Pharmacol 36 2297-2303, 1987. 

Gold, L.H. Koob, G.F. and Geyer, M.A. Stimulant and hallucinogenic behavioral profiles of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and N-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDE) in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 247 547-555, 1988. 

Mokler, DJ. Robinson, S.E. and Rosecrans, J.A. ( )3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) produees long-term reductions in brain 5-hydroxytryptamine in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 138 265-268, 1987. 

When 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or MDA was administered to rats in a single dose, TPH activity was markedly depressed. 

The drugs 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and 3,4-methyl-enedioxyamphetamine (MDA) are ring-substituted derivatives of methamphetamine and amphetamine, respectively. These methylenedioxy-substituted amphetamines have been reported to exhibit both stimulant and psychotomimetic properties (Anderson et al. 1978 Braun et al. 1980 ... 

Battaglia, G. Yeh, S.Y. O Heam, E. Molliver. M.E. Kuhar, M.J. and De Souza, E.B. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) preferentially destroy serotonin terminals in rat brain Quantification of neurodegeneration by measurement of H-paroxetine-labeled serotonin uptake sites. 

Wilson, M.A. Ricaurte, G.A. and Molliver, M.E. The psychotropic drug 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) destroys serotonergic axons in primate forebrain Regional and laminar differences in vulnerability. Abstr Soc Neurosci 13 906, 1987. 

Neuroendocrine and mood responses to intravenous L-tryptophan in 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) users. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46 20-22, 1989. 

Ricaurte, G.A. DeLanney, L.E. Irwin, L and Langston, J.W. Toxic effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on central serotonergic neurons in the primate Importance of route and frequency of drug administration. Brain Res 446 165-168, 1988a... 

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, or Ecstasy ) is an illicit drug used by young adults who attend rave dance parties in the U.S., Europe, and elsewhere. The allure of MDMA is related to its unique psychoactive effects, which include amphetamine-like stimulant actions, coupled with feelings of increased emotional sensitivity and closeness to others.1-2 Epidemiological data indicate that MDMA misuse among children and adolescents is widespread in the U.S.3-4 In... 

Setola, V., Hufeisen, S.J., Grande-Alien, K.J., Vesely, I., Glennon, R.A., Blough, B., Rothman, R.B., and Roth, B.L., 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy ) induces fenfluraminelike proliferative actions on human cardiac valvular interstitial cells in vitro, Mol. Pharmacol. 63(6), 1223-1229, 2003. 

Gartside, S.E., McQuade, R., and Sharp, T., Acute effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on 5-HT cell firing and release comparison between dorsal and median raphe 5-HT systems, Neuropharmacology 36(11-12), 1697-703, 1997. 

Bankson, M.G. and Cunningham, K.A., 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) as a unique model of serotonin receptor function and serotonin-dopamine interactions, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 297(3), 846-852, 2001. 

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