MDMA methylenedioxymethamphetamine neurotoxicity

Lyles, J. and Cadet, J.L., Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) neurotoxicity cellular and molecular mechanisms, Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 42(2), 155-168, 2003. 

Parrott AC (2000a). Human research on MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) neurotoxicity Cognitive and behavioral indices of change. Neuropsychobiology, 42, 17-24. 

O Heam, E. Battaglia, G. DeSouza, E.B. Kuhar, J. and Molliver, ME. Methylenedioxyamphetamme (MDA) and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) cause selective ablation of serotonin axon terminals in forebrain Immunocytochemical evidence for neurotoxicity. J Neurosci 8(8) 2788-2803, 1988. 

Ongoing experiments with methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) show a systematic dose-dependent decrease in attack and threat behavior in mice confronting an intruder into their homecage (Miczek et al., unpublished observations). The decrement in aggressive behavior appears to be behaviorally specific it is obtained at MDMA doses (0.3, 1, 3 mg/kg) that are lower than those necessary to decrease measures of conditioned performance under the control of schedules of positive reinforcement. Because of species-dependent neurotoxicity, MDMA s effects on aggressive behavior need to be explored in other species, including primates. 

Malberg, J.E. and Seiden, L.S., Small changes in ambient temperature cause large changes in 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-induced serotonin neurotoxicity and core body temperature in the rat, J. Neurosci. 18(13), 5086-5094, 1998. 

Ricaurte GA, Yuan J and McCann UD (2000). (+—)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy )-induced serotonin neurotoxicity Studies in animals. Neuropsychobiology, 42, 5-10. 

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) The psychological effects of MDMA ( Ecstasy ) are markedly reduced by the concurrent use of citalopram. It seems likely that other SSRIs will also reduce or block the effects of MDMA. An isolated report describes a neurotoxic reaction in a man on citalopram when he took unknown amounts of MDMA. 

Ricaurte and colleagues (1985) demonstrated that an analog of amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), is neurotoxic to monoamine systems. They observed that neostriatal and hippocampal 5-HT and 5-HIAA contents were depressed after MDA administration and that hippocampal norepinephrine (NE) content was also compromised. In comparing the effects of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and methamphetamine, it was observed (Stone et al. 1986, 1987) that while methamphetamine decreased both TH and TPH activity, MDMA depressed only TPH activity without altering the DA-synthesizing enzyme. Although MDMA releases DA (Yamamoto and Spanos... 

---