Methyl Ethyl Ketone and Water

Azeotropic Distillation. The concept of azeotropic distillation is not new. The use of benzene to dehydrate ethyl alcohol and butyl acetate to dehydrate acetic acid has been in commercial operation for many years. However, it was only during World War II that entrainers other than steam were used by the petroleum industry. Two azeotropic processes for the segregation of toluene from refinery streams were developed and placed in operation. One used methyl ethyl ketone and water as the azeo-troping agent (81) the other employed methanol (1). 

An even more advantageous condition exists in the case of the toluene range hydrocarbons when methyl ethyl ketone and water are added. A ternary azeotrope of methyl ethyl ketone-water-nonaromatic hydrocarbons distills below 176° F. Neither methyl ethyl ketone nor methyl ethyl ketone-water forms an azeotrope with toluene hence, toluene will not distill until a temperature of 231 ° F. is reached, unless excess water is present. Thus, it is relatively easy to produce pure toluene from petroleum fractions ... 

Methyl ethyl ketone and water has a lower consolute temperature of... 

Figure 11.2-2 The liquid-liquid phase diagram for methyl ethyl, ketone and water.

ThiyagarajanR, RaviS, BhattacharyaPK. 2011. Pervaporation of methyl-ethyl ketone and water mixture Determination of concentration profile. Desalination 277 178-186. 

Industrial Solvents Handbotdc Table 12.11 Methyl Ethyl Ketone and Water (14)... 

Some partially miscible mixtures cannot be separated directly by this method. For example, methyl ethyl ketone and water are pai tially miscible and form an azeotrope at atmospheric pressure, but... 

As stated in Chapter 7, the composition of an azeotrope varies with the distillation pressure. Thus, the azeotrope between ethanol and water contains 89.4 mol% ethanol at atmospheric pressure, 90.2 mol% ethanol at 380 mm Hg, and 92.0 mol% ethanol at 190 mm Hg absolute pressure [6]. Similarly, the azeotrope between methyl ethyl ketone and water contains 65.4 mol% MEKat atmospheric pressure, 70.0 mol% MEKat 350 mm Hg, and 72.2 mol% MEKat 200 mm Hg absolute pressure. Because MEK and water form two immiscible liquid phases upon condensation of the overhead, these two compounds can be separated by distilling each of these two phases separately. Because the azeotrope of ethanol and water is a single-phase liquid, separation of these two components can be achieved by distillation in two columns operating at different pressures in order to shift the azeotropic composition. 

Agueou8 nltrate 8 Btems The distribution of uranyl nitrate between methyl ethyl ketone and water and between methyl ethyl ketone and saturated ammonium nitrate solution Is given In figure Paieli2 reports a uranium... 

Ethylene Cyanohydrin. This cyanohydrin, also known as hydracrylonitnle or glycocyanohydrin [109-78-4] is a straw-colored Hquid miscible with water, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and ethanol, and is insoluble in benzene, carbon disulfide, and carbon tetrachloride. Ethylene cyanohydrin differs from the other cyanohydrins discussed here in that it is a P-cyanohydrin. It is formed by the reaction of ethylene oxide with hydrogen cyanide. 

They show good to excellent resistance to highly aromatic solvents, polar solvents, water and salt solutions, aqueous acids, dilute alkaline solutions, oxidative environments, amines, and methyl alcohol. Care must be taken in choice of proper gum and compound. Hexafluoropropylene-containing polymers are not recommended for use in contact with ammonia, strong caustic (50% sodium hydroxide above 70°C), and certain polar solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone and low molecular weight esters. However, perfluoroelastomers can withstand these fluids. Propylene-containing fluorocarbon polymers can tolerate strong caustic. 

It promotes adhesion of intaglio inks to the polypropylene surface. An acrylic based primer is a good choice because of its ability to effectively bond water-based inks. Dry powder form of acrylic primer is diluted with methyl ethyl ketone and xylene (each component is mixed in equal parts by weight). To create the opaque surface, 5wt% titanium dioxide pigment is added to the solution. 

Methyl ethyl ketone and other water insoluble ketones 5.0... 

Since at a high dilution of methyl ethyl ketone with water the experimental rate constants obtained do not depend on the amount of water, it may be considered that only R02. . . H20 radicals are present in the system under given conditions, and the results obtained represent the kn1 and k6n constants. 

B. 2-Iodoethyl benzoate. A mixture of 170 g. of anhydrous sodium iodide and 1.2 1. of methyl ethyl ketone (Note 2) is heated on a steam bath for 1 hour with occasional shaking in a 3-1. round-bottomed flask fitted with a water-cooled reflux condenser. 2-Chloroethyl benzoate (162 g., 0.88 mole) is added to the mixture, and heating is maintained for an additional 22-24 hours with occasional shaking. The mixture is cooled to room temperature and filtered through a 15-cm. Buchner funnel with suction. The inorganic salts on the filter are washed with 200 ml. of methyl ethyl ketone, and the filtrate is concentrated by distillation of about 1 1. of the solvent. The residue is poured into 1 1. of water contained in a separatory funnel, which is shaken, and the lower layer is withdrawn. The latter is washed successively with 200 ml. of 10% sodium bisulfite solution, 200 ml. of 5% sodium bicarbonate solution, and 100 ml. of water. It is dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate (5-7 g.) and fractionated under reduced pressure. The yield of material boiling at 133 -136°/2.5 mm., 1.5820, is 190 -196 g. (78-81%). 

The progress of the reaction can be monitored by TLC by working up a sample of the reaction mixture filter through Celite, cool to 0°C, and acidify to pH 1 with 10% aqueous HCI. The solid that precipitates is isolated by filtration and dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF) for TLC analysis on Merck precoated-silica gel 60 plates with methyl ethyl ketone-methanol-water (4 1 1) as eluent, developed by dipping in 5% sulfuric acid-ethanol and heated to 450°C (e.g., with a Bunsen burner). Rf values are 0.25 for fl-cyclodextrin, 0.5 for monotosylate and 0.65 for a second product, probably ditosylate. 

Determination of Acetone and Methyl Ethyl Ketone in Water, Water-Resources Investigation 78-123, PB 291151, 1981. 

The block-polymers containing a middle block of polystyrene and two blocks of polyethylene oxide have some unusual properties. They are soluble in methyl ethyl ketone and cannot be precipitated from this solvent by methanol. Addition of water produces a slight cloudiness but still no precipitation although the block polymer is not soluble in pure water. The polymer is also soluble in benzene, but addition of water to this solution causes its precipitation. On the other hand, neither homopolystyrene nor homo-polyethylene oxide or their mixtures are precipitated from benzene solution by addition of water. This strange behaviour is explained by Richards and Szwarc (45) in terms of hydrogen bonding which depends on the chemical potential of water in the aqueous layer and therefore also in the benzene solution. 

Separation of Water, Methyl Ethyl Ketone, and Tetrahydrofuran Mixtures... 

All liquid and vapor samples were analyzed on a Varian Aerograph Model 202-1B thermal conductivity gas chromatograph. A 12-foot column packed with Porapak Q, which gave a clean separation for water, was used, but it caused the peaks for methyl ethyl ketone and tetrahydrofuran to be slightly merged. 

Smetana JF, Falconer JL, and Noble RD. Separation of methyl ethyl ketone from water by pervaporation using a sihcahte membrane. J Membr Sci 1996 114 127-130. 

The 2-D TLC was successfully applied to the separation of amino acids as early as the beginning of thin-layer chromatography. Separation efficiency is, by far, best with chloroform-methanol-17% ammonium hydroxide (40 40 20, v/v), n-butanol-glacial acetic acid-water (80 20 20, v/v) in combination with phenol-water (75 25, g/g). A novel 2-D TLC method has been elaborated and found suitable for the chromatographic identification of 52 amino acids. This method is based on three 2-D TLC developments on cellulose (CMN 300 50 p) using the same solvent system 1 for the first dimension and three different systems (11-IV) of suitable properties for the second dimension. System 1 n-butanol-acetone -diethylamine-water (10 10 2 5, v/v) system 11 2-propanol-formic acid-water (40 2 10, v/v) system 111 iec-butanol-methyl ethyl ketone-dicyclohexylamine-water (10 10 2 5, v/v) and system IV phenol-water (75 25, g/g) (h- 7.5 mg Na-cyanide) with 3% ammonia. With this technique, all amino acids can be differentiated and characterized by their fixed positions and also by some color reactions. Moreover, the relative merits of cellulose and silica gel are discussed in relation to separation efficiency, reproducibility, and detection sensitivity. Two-dimensional TLC separation of a performic acid oxidized mixture of 20 protein amino acids plus p-alanine and y-amino-n-butyric acid was performed in the first direction with chloroform-methanol-ammonia (17%) (40 40 20, v/v) and in the second direction with phenol-water (75 25, g/g). Detection was performed via ninhydrin reagent spray. 

Figure 1. AA solvent enhancement for co j er as a function of water content for methyl ethyl ketone and acetone...

The drying step is necessary because the organic solvent enhancement in flame atomic absorption depends on the water content of the solvent Figure 1 shows the relative variation in solvent enhancement caused by changes in water content for methyl ethyl ketone and for acetone. If the Alters are not dried, the moisture on the Alter increases the water content of the solvent and lowers the absorbance, so that erroneously low recovery eflSciencies are calculated. 

Properties White, crystalline solid. Fp 70C, bp 265C, d 1.048 (20/4C), viscosity 3.47 centistokes (0C), 1.54 centistokes (120C), refr index 1.4859 (75C), flash p 275F (135C) (COC). Soluble in methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, Cellosolve (12C), naphtha, benzene, methyl ethyl ketone, and linseed oil insoluble in water and 10% sodium hydroxide. Combustible. 

Properties Light-yellow, crystalline solid. Mp 142C, bp 194C (1 mm Hg), d 5.8 lb/gal (20C). Insoluble in water soluble in ethanol, methanol, methyl ethyl ketone, and ethyl acetate. 

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