2-Methyl-1,3-dioxane

Methyl- 1-cyclopentene 3- Methyl-1-cyclopentene 4- Methyl-1-cyclopentene Methyl cyclopropanecarboxylate 2-Methyldecane 4-Methyldecane Methyl decanoate Methyl dichloroacetate Methyldichlorosilane Methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate 2-Methyl-1,3-dioxane 4-Methyl-1,3-dioxane 4-Methyl-l,3-dioxolan-2-one 9.62... 

Hydroxy-4-methyl-3-(4-methyI-benzolsulfonyI-amino)-l-( 2-methyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl) -pentan 83... 

Methylcyclopentene Methyldichlorosilane 2-Methyl-1,3-dioxane 4-Methyl-1,3-dioxane Methylene (CH2)... 

Phot, of anthraquinone -t- 2-methyl-1,3-dioxan -I- O2 RS 2-methyl-l,3-dioxan 303... 

Styrene terpolymerization, with sulfur dioxide and methyl methacrylate, 418 Styromal resins, SMA copolymers, 426, 445 2-Styryl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxane, MA copolymerization, 331... 

A powerful oxidizer. Explosive reaction with acetaldehyde, acetic acid + heat, acetic anhydride + heat, benzaldehyde, benzene, benzylthylaniUne, butyraldehyde, 1,3-dimethylhexahydropyrimidone, diethyl ether, ethylacetate, isopropylacetate, methyl dioxane, pelargonic acid, pentyl acetate, phosphoms + heat, propionaldehyde, and other organic materials or solvents. Forms a friction- and heat-sensitive explosive mixture with potassium hexacyanoferrate. Ignites on contact with alcohols, acetic anhydride + tetrahydronaphthalene, acetone, butanol, chromium(II) sulfide, cyclohexanol, dimethyl formamide, ethanol, ethylene glycol, methanol, 2-propanol, pyridine. Violent reaction with acetic anhydride + 3-methylphenol (above 75°C), acetylene, bromine pentafluoride, glycerol, hexamethylphosphoramide, peroxyformic acid, selenium, sodium amide. Incandescent reaction with alkali metals (e.g., sodium, potassium), ammonia, arsenic, butyric acid (above 100°C), chlorine trifluoride, hydrogen sulfide + heat, sodium + heat, and sulfur. Incompatible with N,N-dimethylformamide. 

FIGURE 8.5 Intermolecular distance (d) of dioxane lignin (DL) and methylated dioxane lignin (MDL) as a fnnction of temperatnre. 

Homologous mono-alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol, such as monoethyl glycol (or 2-ethoxyethanol), HOC2H4OC2H5, form excellent solvents as they combine to a large extent the solvent properties of alcohols and ethers. The monoethyl and the monomethyl members have the technical names of ethyl cellosolve and methyl cellosolve respectively. Dioxan... 

Hydrogenations with coppcr-chromium oxide catalyst are usually carried out in the liquid phase in stainless steel autoclaves at pressures up to 5000-6000 lb. per square inch. A solvent is not usually necessary for hydrogenation of an ester at 250° since the original ester and the alcohol or glycol produced serve as the reaction medium. However, when dealing with small quantities and also at temperatures below 200° a solvent is desirable this may be methyl alcohol, ethyi alcohol, dioxan or methylcyc/ohexane. 

If the compound to be tested is insoluble in water, it should be brought into solution by the addition of a little dioxan. Alcohols and some methyl ketones frequently react slowly in such cases it is advisable to employ a large excess (4-5 fold) of the relatively unstable reagent (3NaOI -> NaI03 -f- 2NaI). Quinones and hydroquinones also give the iodoform reaction. 

SAN resins show considerable resistance to solvents and are insoluble in carbon tetrachloride, ethyl alcohol, gasoline, and hydrocarbon solvents. They are swelled by solvents such as ben2ene, ether, and toluene. Polar solvents such as acetone, chloroform, dioxane, methyl ethyl ketone, and pyridine will dissolve SAN (14). The interactions of various solvents and SAN copolymers containing up to 52% acrylonitrile have been studied along with their thermodynamic parameters, ie, the second virial coefficient, free-energy parameter, expansion factor, and intrinsic viscosity (15). 

Solution Properties. Lignin in wood behaves as an insoluble, three-dimensional network. Isolated lignins (milled wood, kraft, or organosolv lignins) exhibit maximum solubiUty in solvents having a Hildebrand s solubiUty parameter, 5, of 20.5 — 22.5(J/cm ) (10 — ll(cal/cm ) > and A// in excess of 0.14 micrometer where A]1 is the infrared shift in the O—D bond when the solvents are mixed with CH OD. Solvents meeting these requirements include dioxane, acetone, methyl ceUosolve, pyridine, and dimethyl sulfoxide. 

Symmetrical diaLkyl peroxides are commonly named as such, eg, dimethyl peroxide. For unsymmetrical diaLkyl peroxides, the two radicals usually are hsted ia alphabetical order, eg, ethyl methyl peroxide. For organomineral peroxides or complex stmctures, ie, where R and R are difficult to name as radicals, the peroxide is named as an aLkyldioxy derivative, although alkylperoxy is stUl used by many authors. CycHc peroxides are normally named as heterocychc compounds, eg, 1,2-dioxane, or by substitutive oxa nomenclature, eg, 1,2-dioxacyclohexane however, when the two oxygens form a bridge between two carbon atoms of a ring, the terms epidioxy or epiperoxy are frequendy used. The resulting polycycHc stmcture has been called an endoperoxide, epiperoxide, or transaimular peroxide. 

The addition product, C QHgNa, called naphthalenesodium or sodium naphthalene complex, may be regarded as a resonance hybrid. The ether is more than just a solvent that promotes the reaction. StabiUty of the complex depends on the presence of the ether, and sodium can be Hberated by evaporating the ether or by dilution using an indifferent solvent, such as ethyl ether. A number of ether-type solvents are effective in complex preparation, such as methyl ethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dioxane, and THF. Trimethyl amine also promotes complex formation. This reaction proceeds with all alkah metals. Other aromatic compounds, eg, diphenyl, anthracene, and phenanthrene, also form sodium complexes (16,20). 

The nature of the initiation step, which may occur in a variety of ways, is not known in all cases. Commonly used ethers such as ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and i)-dioxane are particulady prone to form explosive peroxides on prolonged storage and exposure to air and light (see Peroxides AND PEROXY COMPOUNDS, ORGANIC), and should contain antioxidants (qv) to prevent their build-up. One of the exceptions to the peroxide forming tendency of ethers is methyl fert-alkyl ethers such as methyl fert-butyl ether [1634-04-4] (MTBE) and fert-amyl methyl ether [994-05-8] (TAME). Both have shown htde tendency if any to form peroxides (2,8). 

Acetic acid, 3-ethoxycarbonyl-l-methyl-2-pyrrolyl-ethyl ester reduction, 4, 287 Acetic acid, 9-hydroxyethoxy-as metabolite of dioxane, 1, 245... 

Anthiylmethyl ethers, formed from the sodium salt of a phenol and 9-anthryl-methyl chloride in DMF, can be cleaved with CH3SNa (DMF, 25°, 20 min, 85-99% yield). They are also cleaved by CF3CO2H/CH2CI2 (0°, 10 min, 100% yield) they are stable to CF3C02H/dioxane (25°, 1 h). ... 

Bis(o-nitrophenyl)methyl esters are formed and cleaved by the same methods used for diphenyl methyl esters. They can also be cleaved by irradiation hv = 320 nm, dioxane, THF,. . 1-24 h, quant, yield). ... 

Acetamide [60-35-5] M 59.1, m 81 , pK -1.4, pKl +0.37. Crystd by soln in hot MeOH (0.8mL7g), diltd with Et20 and allowed to stand [Wagner J Chem Educ 7 1135 1930]. Alternate cry sms are from acetone, benzene, chloroform, dioxane, methyl acetate or from benzene-ethyl acetate mixture (3 1 and 1 1). It has also been recrystd from hot water after treating with HCl-washed activated charcoal (which had been... 

---