2- ethyI alcohol

Hydrogenations with coppcr-chromium oxide catalyst are usually carried out in the liquid phase in stainless steel autoclaves at pressures up to 5000-6000 lb. per square inch. A solvent is not usually necessary for hydrogenation of an ester at 250° since the original ester and the alcohol or glycol produced serve as the reaction medium. However, when dealing with small quantities and also at temperatures below 200° a solvent is desirable this may be methyl alcohol, ethyi alcohol, dioxan or methylcyc/ohexane. 

Glyoxylic acid ethyl ester ethyi alcoholate Manufacturing Process... 

TETRAETHOXYSILANE (78-10-4) Forms explosive mixture with air (flash point 99°F/37°C). Reacts slowly with water, forming ethyi alcohol. Violent reaction with strong oxidizers. Incompatible with strong acids, nitrates. Attacks some plastics and rubber. 

D) 4 -[N-Ethyi-1 "-Methyl-2 -(4" -Methoxyphenyl)Ethylamino]Butyi-3,4-Dimethoxybenzoate Hydrochloride 10.3 g of 4 -iodobutyl-3,4-dimethoxybenzoate and 11.0 g of N-ethyl-p-methoxyphenylisopropylamine (obtained by catalytic reduction of an alcoholic solution of an excess quantity (60%) of p-methoxy-phenyl-acetone, to which was added a 33% (weight-for-weight) aqueous solution of ethylamine, with Pt as a catalyst), were boiled in 200 ml of methyl ethyl ketone for 20 hours, cooled and the iodine ion was determined the reaction was found to be complete. Then the methyl ethyl ketone was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in 300 ml of water and 30 ml of ether the layers were separated and the water layer was extracted twice more with 20 ml portions of ether. 

SYNS l-AETHYLHEXANOL (GERMAN) 2-ETHYI l-HEXANOL 2-ETHYLHEXYL ALCOHOL... 

Ethoxypyrazine 1-oxide refluxed with 40% alcoholic hydrogen chloride yielded 2-ethoxy-5-hydroxypyrazine (1069). Ultraviolet irradiation of 2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine 1-oxide in water afforded 3-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylpyrazine (10%) and 2,5-diphenylpyrazine 1-oxide in benzene gave 3-hydroxy-2,5-diphenylpyrazine (3%) (742). A small yield of 2-ethyI-5-hydroxy-3,6-dimethylpyrazine has been isolated as by-product from the reaction of 2,5-dimethylpyrazine with ethyllithium in ether (615). 

Propose a mechanism to account for the formation of ethyi acetate. Take into account the reversible reaction between aldehydes and alcohols ... 

When the glue has dried and one is ready to have a blast, add 25 ml of 190 proof vodka to the container for each quart of its capacity. The ethyi aicohol found in vodka is a good choice for this device because it forms an explosive fuel air mix when diiuted anywhere from 3-19%-into air. Methyl alcohol would be even better because its explosive range is 6-36%. Poorer choices wouid be iso-propyl alcohol (2-12%) and gasoline. 

The 0 ,0 -diethyl3cetoacetamide used as starting material was obtained by converting diketene with aqueous ammonia to acetoacetamide and aikylating twice with ethyi bromide in the presence of sodium alcoholate. 

Synonyms Ethyl 3-acetylpropionate Ethyl ketovalerate Ethyl 4-ketovalerate Ethyl y-ketovalerate Ethyl laevulinate Ethyl levulate Ethyl-4-oxopentanoate Ethyl-4-oxovalerate Levulinic acid, ethyl ester 4-Oxopentanoic acid ethyi ester Pentanoic acid, 4-oxo-, ethyl ester Classification Nonaromatic ester Definition Ester of levulinic acid and ethyl alcohol Empirical C7H12O3 Formula CH3COCH2CH2COOC2H5... 

Properties Wh. (pure) to It. gray (Al impurity) powd. odorless sol. in diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl Cellosolve si. sol. in dioxane reacts with alcohols m.w. 37.94 dens. 0.92 m.p. dec. above 125 C without melting Toxicology ACGIH TLV/7WA 2 mg(AI)/m corrosive reacts with moisture in the body to form a corrosive sol n. (lithium hydroxide) which can cause severe irritation, tissue damage ing. can cause severe burns, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea severe exposure can cause collapse, death severe inh. exposure can cause pulmonary edema can cause severe skin and eye irritation or tissue destruction (chemicai burns) TSCA iisted Precaution Fiamm. soiid reacts vioientiy with water, air, acids, aicohois, benzoyi peroxide, etc. dec. when exposed to moist air or water incompat. with CO2, BF3, ethyi acetate, tetrahydrofuran... 

Punctiiious Ethyi Aicohoi 190 Proof Pure USP, Punctiiious Ethyi Aicohoi 200 Proof Pure USP, Punctiiious SDA 1-2, Punctiiious SDA 4 Punctiiious SDA 25-1, Punctiiious SDA 25-2. See Alcohol... 

Si=hexane S2=chloroform (aicohol-fiee) S3=ethyl acetate-hexane (15 85, v/v) S4=ethyi acetate-chloroform (alcohol-free) (10 90, vNy S5=ethyl acetate-benzene (15 85, v/v) S6=ethyl acetate-benzene (5 95, v/v) S7=benzene. ... 

Figure 7.8 Isokinetic reiationship in the alkaiine hydrolysis of ethyi benzoate in water/alcohol and water/dioxane mixtures. The enthalpies and entropies of activation of the previous figure were obtained from the siope and intercept of each of the straight Unes in this figure.

General experimental procedure for Yamamoto epoxidation of homoallylic alcohols To a mixture of hydroxamic acid 21 (0.02 mmoi) and toiuene (0.25 mL) at room temperature was added VO(0/-Pr)3 (0.01 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8hours. After that time, 88% cumene hydroperoxide (1.5 mmol) was added, followed by homoallyhc alcohol (l.Ommol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 24 hours and then quenched by the addition of trimethyiphos-phite (1.5 mmol). The mixture was extracted with ethyi acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over Na2S04, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gei to give the desired epoxide. 

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