Methyl acetate from wood

Methyl Acetone. Commercial product .a water-white, anhydr liq, consisting of various mixts of acet (45 to 65%), methyl acetate (20 to 30%) and methanol (20 to 40%). Density about 0.83g/cc, boiling range 50 to 70°, flash p near 0°F. Miscible with hydrocarbons, oils and w. Obtained as a by-product in the manuf of acet and methanol from wood distn, representing fractions which cannot be economically sepd. The mixt can be used as such, being an excellent solv and plasticizer for NC and other cellulose esters, such as the acetate. It also dissolves rubber, gums, resins, lacquers, paint and varnish Refs 1) T.H, Durrans, Solvents , Van-Nostrand, NY (1938), 122 2) CondChemDict... 

Methyl alcohol is the simplest member of the alcohols and is also known as methyl alcohol or wood alcohol. It was originally produced from the distillation of wood at high temperature in the absence of air, hence it is known as wood alcohol or wood spirit. While heating, wood which is composed of cellulose, decomposes into simpler compounds. Some of these compounds are acetone, acetic acid and methyl alcohol. The mixture obtained is passed through cold water to condense it. 

Methyl acetone is a clear, colorless, flammable, volatile liquid, obtained from the product af the destructive distillation of wood. Although It vories In composition it is generally composed of acetone 35 ta 60%, methanol 20 to 40%, and methyl acetate 20 to 30%. 

Parkesine). Nitrocellulose is mixed with wood naphtha (a mixture of methanol, acetone, acetic acid, and methyl acetate formed during the distillation of wood) to produce a malleable solid. It is marketed, with little success, as a sculpting material. German chemist Eriedrich Wohler first makes calcium carbide, from which he later obtains acetylene. 

Ljungdahl, L., Irion, E. and Wood, H. G. (1965) Total synthesis of acetate from CO,. I. Co-methyl-cobyric acid and Co-(methyl)-5-methoxybenzimidazolyl-cobamide as intermediates with Clostridium tetanomorphum. Biochem. 4,2771-2780. 

Methanol me-tho- nol, - nol n [ISV] (1894) (carbi-nol, methyl alcohol, wood alcohol) CH3OH. A colorless, toxic liquid usually obtained by synthesis from hydrogen and carbon monoxide. It is sometimes called wood alcohol, but the methanol obtained from the destructive distillation of wood also contains additional, contaminating compounds. Methanol is used as an intermediate in producing formaldehyde, phenolic, urea, melamine, and acetal resins, and as a solvent for cellulose nitrate, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl acetate, and polyvinyl butyral. Also known as Methyl Alcohol, Carbinol, Wood Alcohol, Colonial Spirits, and MeOH. Syn Formaldehyde. 

Solvent-based synthetic resin flooring adhesives are still the most used floor adhesives and possess a dominant market position, despite the best efforts of the building professional society, which tried to reject them, because of their excellent processing characteristics. It is estimated that its market share is about 65-70%. They are made from solvent mixtures (such as methyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, and methanol), dissolved synthetic resins (polyvinyl acetate), and mineral fillers such as chalk. The solvent content is between 20% and 25%. Solvent-based synthetic resin flooring adhesives contain no water and, therefore, cause a relative slight swelling of the wood parquet. 

In the case of low temperature tar, the aqueous Hquor that accompanies the cmde tar contains between 1 and 1.5% by weight of soluble tar acids, eg, phenol, cresols, and dihydroxybenzenes. Both for the sake of economics and effluent purification, it is necessary to recover these, usually by the Lurgi Phenosolvan process based on the selective extraction of the tar acids with butyl or isobutyl acetate. The recovered phenols are separated by fractional distillation into monohydroxybenzenes, mainly phenol and cresols, and dihydroxybenzenes, mainly (9-dihydroxybenzene (catechol), methyl (9-dihydtoxybenzene, (methyl catechol), and y -dihydroxybenzene (resorcinol). The monohydric phenol fraction is added to the cmde tar acids extracted from the tar for further refining, whereas the dihydric phenol fraction is incorporated in wood-preservation creosote or sold to adhesive manufacturers. Naphthalene Oils. Naphthalene is the principal component of coke-oven tats and the only component that can be concentrated to a reasonably high content on primary distillation. Naphthalene oils from coke-oven tars distilled in a modem pipe stiU generally contain 60—65% of naphthalene. They are further upgraded by a number of methods. 

Peracetic acid, formed in situ from acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide in acid aqueous solution, was found to initiate graft copolymerization of vinyl monomers, e.g. methyl methacrylate and 4-vinyl pyridine, onto wood and cellulosic fibers at a good rate (1-3 h time) at 60°C2. The initiati on reaction is not specific for grafting and considerable amounts of homopolymer is formed. 

The mechanism of pyrolysis reactions of biomass was extensively discussed in an earlier study (Demirbas, 2000). Water is formed by dehydration. In the pyrolysis reactions, methanol arises from the breakdown of methyl esters and/or ethers from decomposition of pectin-like plant materials. Methanol also arises from methoxyl groups of uronic acid (Demirbas and Giillii, 1998). Acetic acid is formed in the thermal decomposition of all three main components of wood. When the yield of acetic... 

The corrinoid iron-sulfur protein from, for example, the anaerobic bacterium Cl. thermoaceticum participates in the Wood pathway for fixation of C02 in acetate biosynthesis. A methyl transferase converts CH3-H4folate and the corrinoid iron-sulfur protein to CH3-corrinoid iron-sulfur protein. The latter protein then transfers the CH3-group to carbon monoxide dehydrogenase. As mentioned, the transfer of the CH3-group from the methylated MT i requires MT2. 

Methanol, also called methyl alcohol and once commonly know as wood alcohol, is a clear, volatile liquid mp, -98°C bp, 65°C). Until the early 1900s, the major commercial source of methanol was the destructive distillation (pyrolysis) of wood, a process that yields a product contaminated with allyl alcohol, acetone, and acetic acid. Now methanol is synthesized by the following reaction of hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide, both readily obtained from natural gas or coal gasification ... 

The stem, wood, and bark of Uncaria kawaJcamii contain the two isomeric alkaloids, uncarine-A and uncarine-B, C21H24N2O4 (30, 31), the highest proportion of alkaloids (1.48%) occurring in the bark (31). Uncarine-B has been identified with formosanine (28, 33), which was isolated earlier from Ourouparia formosana (21, 32). The chemical behavior of uncarine-A and formosanine is identical in all respects, and their relationship as stereoisomers is shown by their ready interconversion and equilibration, which frequently hinders the separation and purification of individual isomers. Thus, uncarine-A in hot dilute acetic acid yields formosanine, and the reverse transformation can be achieved by heating formosanine with ether, until it has all been isomerized into the more soluble uncarine-A. Some formosanine is even obtained when uncarine-A is recovered from its hydrochloride, or from the hydrochloride of the related amino acid, by methylation with diazomethane (59). 

By taking apart the cell wall of a modified wood specimen and separating the cell wall components from one another, it is possible to determine the distribution of bonded chemicals in the cell wall polymer. It is more difficult to delignify modified wood than unmodified wood, which means that the lignin has been substituted 122, 127, 128). This is true for wood reacted with both acetic anhydride and methyl isocyanate. Table IX shows that the lignin component is always more substituted than the holocellulose components 128). This would indicate that the lignin is either more accessible for reaction than holocellulose or that it is more reactive than holocellulose. Lignin was found to be more reactive than cellulose toward acetylation 129). 

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