Acetate, biosynthesis

Arendsen AF, Soliman MQ, Ragsdale SW. 1999. Nitrate-dependent regulation of acetate biosynthesis and nitrate respiration by Clostridium thermoaceticum. J Bacteriol 181 1489-95. 

The corrinoid iron-sulfur protein from, for example, the anaerobic bacterium Cl. thermoaceticum participates in the Wood pathway for fixation of C02 in acetate biosynthesis. A methyl transferase converts CH3-H4folate and the corrinoid iron-sulfur protein to CH3-corrinoid iron-sulfur protein. The latter protein then transfers the CH3-group to carbon monoxide dehydrogenase. As mentioned, the transfer of the CH3-group from the methylated MT i requires MT2. 

Papastephanou, C. and Anderson, D. G., Crassin acetate biosynthesis in a cell-free homogenate of zooxanthellae from Plexauara porosa (Houttyun), Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 73B, 617, 1982. 

Ragsdale, S. W., and Wood, H. G., 1985, Acetate biosynthesis by acetogenic bacteria evidence that carbon monoxide dehydrogenase is the condensing enzyme that catalyzes the final steps of the synthesis, J. Biol. Chem. 260 397093977. 

The introduction to Section 26 8 pointed out that mevalonic acid is the biosynthetic pre cursor of isopentenyl pyrophosphate The early steps m the biosynthesis of mevalonate from three molecules of acetic acid are analogous to those m fatty acid biosynthesis (Sec tion 26 3) except that they do not involve acyl earner protein Thus the reaction of acetyl coenzyme A with malonyl coenzyme A yields a molecule of acetoacetyl coenzyme A... 

Isotope incorporation experiments have demonstrated the essential correctness of the scheme presented m this and preceding sections for terpene biosynthesis Considerable effort has been expended toward its detailed elaboration because of the common biosyn thetic origin of terpenes and another class of acetate derived natural products the steroids... 

Animals accumulate cholesterol from then diet but are also able to biosynthesize It from acetate The pioneering work that identified the key intermediates m the com plicated pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis was carried out by Konrad Bloch (Harvard) and Feodor Lynen (Munich) corecipients of the 1964 Nobel Prize for physiology or... 

Carotenoids are natural pigments characterized by a tail to tail linkage between two C20 units and an extended conjugated system of double bonds They are the most widely dis tributed of the substances that give color to our world and occur m flowers fruits plants insects and animals It has been estimated that biosynthesis from acetate produces approximately a hundred million tons of carotenoids per year The most familiar carotenoids are lycopene and (3 carotene pigments found m numerous plants and easily isolable from npe tomatoes and carrots respectively... 

Section 26 10 The biosynthesis of isopentenyl pyrophosphate begins with acetate and proceeds by way of mevalonic acid... 

Fatty acid synthetase (Section 26 3) Complex of enzymes that catalyzes the biosynthesis of fatty acids from acetate Field effect (Section 19 6) An electronic effect in a molecule that IS transmitted from a substituent to a reaction site via the medium (e g solvent)... 

The ansa-chain of the ansamycins streptovaricins (4), rifamycins (263), geldanamycin (4), and herbimycin (32) has been shown to be polyketide in origin, being made up of propionate and acetate units with the 0-methyl groups coming from methionine. The remaining aromatic C N portion of the ansamacroHdes is derived from 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (264—266) which is formed via shikimate precursors. Based on the precursors of the rifamycins and streptovaricins isolated from mutant bacteria strains, a detailed scheme for the biosynthesis of most of the ansamacroHdes has been proposed (95,263). 

Biosynthesis. Biochemical studies on dalbaheptides have been reviewed (92,97). Experiments with and H have shown that in vancomycin (39), D-tyrosine is the precursor of D-/> -hydroxyphenyiglycine and P-hydroxy-y -chlorotyrosine, and acetate the precursor of the two y jy -dihydroxyphenyiglycines (98). Similar results using either or radioactively labeled material have been reported for avoparcin (Table 5) (23), ristocetin (Table 2) (99,100), ardacin (Table 3) (101), and A47934 (102). 

Fatty acid synthetase (Section 26.3) Complex of enzymes that catalyzes the biosynthesis of fatty acids from acetate. 

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