Methods inclined surface

A vibratory separation method has been used to obtain monodisperse powder fractions [104]. This technique is based on the principle of particle separation into fractions under the influence of vibration of the working surface, which is inclined at a certain angle. As a result of vibrations of the inclined surface, the fine particles shift toward the upper part of the surface, and the coarse particles to the lower part, thus achieving separation of the particles into fractions. 

Features of Detachment of Variously Shaped Particles by the Surface Inclination Method. The special features of the adhesive interaction of particles with different shapes are manifested when these particles are detached from a surface by tilting (see Section 11). Movement of the detached particles along the inclined surface in a liquid medium will proceed if the resistance of this medium if overcome. Hence, the adhesion of particles will be determined in accordance with Eq. (III.l) with a deduction for the resistance of the liquid medium, which will be different for particles of different shapes. 

The measurement of adhesion by the inclined-surface method (see Section 11) and the evaluation of adhesion from the specific sticking force (see Section 3) will give a relative estimate of the magnitude of adhesion. 

Another ASTM standard method, rolling ball tack (12), involves placing a piece of tape, adhesive side up, at the base of an inclined surface. A steel ball is allowed to roll down the incline from a fixed height, and the distance that the ball travels across the adhesive surface of the tape is taken as a tack value. Longer distances of travel indicate that the tape is less tacky. Other tests involving drums, rollers, or loops of tape have also been used, but are not as common. 

The number of experiments in which the effect of particle shape on the adhesive forces has been investigated is extremely limited. Table IV.5 presents some results of Fuks et al. on the sliding of irregularly shaped particles, as determined by the inclined-surface method. 

D. I. Fletcher, J. H. Beynon, A simple method of stress intensity factor calculation for inclined surface breaking cracks with crack face friction under contact loading. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineering Part J, Journal of Engineering Tribology 213 (1999) 481-486. 

The laminography method was developed initially for medical applications as a non-computer layer-by-layer visualization of the human body [1,2]. In this case an inclined initial X-ray beam projects an image of a specific layer of the object to the detector surface with defocusing of the other layers during a synchronous rotation of the object and the detector (Fig. 1). 

Current mixing-type air distribution methods typically consider ventilation of the occupied zone with jets intercepting its upper boundary (e.g.. Fig. 7.6l2, c). Also, the occupied zone can be ventilated by the reverse flow produced as the supply jet degrades above the occupied zone level (Fig. 7.6h]. Mixing-type air distribution methods include air supply with jets projected vertically downward, inclined jets, jets directed vertically upward, and horizontal jets along room surfaces. 

A theoretical treatment of the effect caused by the competition between the sine-like angular-dependent component of the adsorption potential and dipole lateral interaction demonstrated that the values 6 are the same in the ground state and at the phase transition temperature.81 Study of the structure and dynamics for the CO monolayer adsorbed on the NaCl(lOO) surface using the molecular dynamics method has also led to the inference that angles 0j are practically equalized in a wide temperature range.82 That is why the following consideration of orientational structures and excitations in a system of adsorbed molecules will imply, for the sake of simplicity, the constant value of the inclination angle ty =0(see Fig. 2.14) which is due to the adsorption potential u pj,q>j). 

Growth Rate for Inclination-Dependent Interface Velocity. For a crystalline particle growing from a supersaturated solution, the surface velocity often depends on atomic attachment kinetics. Attachment kinetics depends on local surface structure, which in turn depends on the surface inclination, n, with respect to the crystal frame. In limiting cases, surface velocity is a function only of inclination the interfacial speed in the direction of n is given by v(h). The main aspects of a method for calculating the growth shapes for such cases when v(h) is known is described briefly in this section. 

An inclined plane method is specified for coated fabrics in BS342439. The test piece is attached to a sled resting on an inclined plane which is covered with the other surface to be tested. The inclination of the plane is varied until sliding takes place. This is probably the simplest form of friction test but not an accurate one and, of course, cannot operate at any given velocity. 

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