Cocaine Methadone

Methadone metabolites, methadone, cocaine (underivatized). morphine, and heroin... 

Fernandez et al. [27] applied HPLC with diode array detection (DAD) to the determination of heroin, methadone, cocaine and metabolites in plasma after mixed-mode SPE. Analytes were separated using a RP8 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 jam particle size) and acetonitrile-phosphate buffer pH 6.53 as mobile phase with elution in the gradient mode. The method, which provides a LLOQ of 0.1 j,g/mL for all compounds, was successfully applied to 21 plasma samples from fatal overdoses. 

Edder et al. reported the capillary supercritical fluid chromatography of basic drugs of abuse, namely nicotine, caffeine, methadone, cocaine, imipramine, codeine, diazepam, morphine, benzoylecgonine, papverine, narcotine, and strychnine [25]. They compared the separation of these drugs on DBS and DB wax columns. The chromatographic conditions included a carbon dioxide mobile phase and a flame-ionization detector. It was noted that on the DBS column, all peaks other than methadone and cocaine were separated. With the exception of benzoylecgonine and papaverine, all other peaks were separated on a DB wax column. A reproducibility of less than 5% was obtained with an internal standard method. The detection limits obtained were within 10-50 ppm on both the columns. A linearity of >0.99 was obtained for methadone, codeine, and morphine in the concentration range 10-1000 ppm. 

Van der Slooten and Van der Helm developed a similar method to be able to draw conclusions about the common origin or common trade route of different heroin samples by determining the ratio heroin 6-0-monoacetylmorphine morphine. Other constituents of the samples such as amphetamines, quinine, methadone, cocaine and strychnine were determined in an analogous way. Because of the great variety of substances which may be present, three different packed columns (SE-30 3 %, QF-1 3 % and Apiezon L 10 % + KOH 2.5 %) were used for the identification. 

Miscellaneous Separation of constituents of a mixture of sixteen street drugs viz. phencyclidine, methadone, cocaine, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), methylam-phetamine, 2,5-dimethoxy-4 -methy lamphetamine (STP), methylenedioxyam- ... 

Concomitant drug use Alcohol, isoniazid, methadone, cocaine or metamphetamine use has been correlated with increased liver toxicity Taiwo (2006) Buyse et al. (2006)... 

Concheiro M, Shakleya DM, Huestis MA (2011) Simultaneous analysis of buprenorphine, methadone, cocaine, opiates and nicotine metabolites in sweat by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 400(1 ) 69-78... 

The method described here corresponds to a modification of that reported by Williams et al. (29). A 10-ng/mL Toxiclean drug mixture (Alltech, Chicago, IL) containing amphetamine, methamphetamine, butabarbital, amobarbital, meperidine, pentobarbital, secobarbital, glutethimide, phencyclidine, methaqualone, methadone, cocaine, amitrptyline, imipramine, doxepin, desipramine, pentazocine, codeine, and heroin is employed. 

A 2.5-yeat follow-up study of opioid addicts in methadone maintenance treatment found that prevalence of cocaine use only shghtly declined and that... 

Seecof R, Tennant FS Subjective perceptions to the intravenous rush of heroin and cocaine in opioid addicts. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 12 79—87, 1987 Sees KL, Delucci KL, Masson C, et al Methadone maintenance vs. 180-day psycho-socially enriched detoxification for treatment of opioid dependence a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 283 1303-1310, 2000 Sells SB Treatment effectiveness, in Handbook on Drug Abuse. Edited by Dupont RE, Goldstein A, O Donnell J. Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979, pp 105-118... 

Gonzalez G, Sevarino K, Sofuoglu M, et al Tiagabine increases cocaine-free urines in cocaine-dependent methadone-treated patients results of a randomized pilot study. Addiction 98 1625-1632, 2003... 

Margolin A, Kosten TR, Avants SK, et al A multicenter trial of bupropion for cocaine dependence in methadone-maintained patients. Drug Alcohol Depend 40 125— 131, 1995... 

Oliveto AH, Feingold A, Schottenfeld R, et al Desipramine in opioid-dependent cocaine abusers maintained on buprenorphine vs methadone. Arch Gen Psychiatry 56 812-820, 1999... 

Schmitz JM, Averill P, Stotts AL, et al Fluoxetine treatment of cocaine-dependent patients with major depressive disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 63 207-214,2001 Schottenfeld RS, Pakes JR, Oliveto A, et al Buprenorphine vs methadone maintenance treatment for concurrent opioid dependence and cocaine abuse. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54 713-720, 1997... 

Rawson RA, Huber A, McCann M, et al A comparison of contingency management and cognitive-behavioral approaches during methadone maintenance treatment for cocaine dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 59 817—824, 2002 Rohsenow DJ, Monti PM, Martin RA, et al Motivational enhancement and coping skills training for cocaine abusers effect on substance use outcomes. Addiction... 

Schottenfeld RS, Chawarski MC, Pakes JR, et al Methadone versus buprenorphine with contingency management or performance feedback for cocaine and opioid dependence. Am J Psychiatry 162 340-349, 2003 Smith JE, Meyers RJ, Delaney HD Community reinforcement approach with homeless alcohol-dependent individuals. J Consult Clin Psychol 66 341-348, 1998... 

Note Tertiary amines and quaternary ammonium compounds yield stronger colors than primary amines [25]. The dipping solution can also be used as spray solution [44]. Other reagent compositions have also been reported in the literature (1, 3, 6, 12, 13, 15, 18, 21, 23, 41] In some cases the reagents have been made up in acetone [38, 39], methanol [14] or ethanol [37] and/or acidified with hydrochloric acid [3, 33, 37-40]. The concentrations of hexachloroplatinic(IV) acid have been in the range of 0.05 -0.4 those of potassium iodide between 0.5 and 24spray solution containing 2% potassium iodide and 0.23170 hexachloroplatinic(IV) acid hexahydrate in N-hydro-chloric acid is reported to yield the best coloration results with respect to detection sensitivity and color differentiation in the detection of morphine, codeine, quinine, methadone and cocaine [46]. Acidic reagent solutions have been recommended for benzodiazepines [10, 11]. Sulfones do not react [39]. 

Class A cocaine, heroin, LSD, methadone, mescaline, morphine, opium. Ecstasy plus... 

Table 1 provides the urinalysis test results for the 4,847 arrestees, While PCP was tested for by an EMIT test only, cocaine, opiates and methadone were tested for by both EMIT and thin layer chromatography (TLC). (The EMIT test for opiates is not specific to morphine, the metabolite of heroin, and can detect the recent use of a variety of opiates. A specimen positive for opiates is most likely to indicate the use of heroin in this population, however.) Our analyses will use only the results from the EMIT tests, because we have learned that the TLC general drug screen is less sensitive for detecting recent use of these illicit street drugs (Wish et al. 1983 Wish et al. 1984). 

A test positive for opiates, cocaine, or methadone probably indicates that the drug was used within the prior 24 to 48 hours. 

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