Motivational enhancement

Budney AJ, Higgins ST, Radonivich KJ, et al Adding voucher-based incentives to coping skills and motivational enhancement improves outcomes during treatment for marijuana dependence. J Consult Clin Psychol 68 1051-1061, 2000... 

A number of psychosocial treatments for alcohol and other substance use disorders exist and are widely used. In this chapter, we discuss six of these psychotherapies as they are applied to alcohol, cocaine, and opioid dependence brief interventions, motivational enhancement therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, behavioral treatments (including contingency management and community reinforcement approaches), behavioral marital therapy, and 12-step facilitation. We also describe studies that examined the efficacy of a medication in combination with one or more of the six psychotherapies. In the second section of the chapter, we highlight research that directly studied the interaction between psychosocial and pharmacological treatments. 

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is a self-help organization for people whose common goal is recovery from alcoholism, and it is the most widely accessed resource for individuals with alcohol problems (McCrady and Miller 1993). The philosophy is based on the concept of alcoholism as a chronic disease that cannot be cured, but one that can be halted by means of complete abstinence. AA has described 12 principles or steps to guide those in recovery. Twelve-step facilitation, a manual-based psychotherapy to promote AA participation (Nowinski et al. 1992), was equally efficacious, compared with cognitive-behavioral and motivational enhancement therapies, in a large study of treatments for alcohol dependence (Project Match Research Group, 1997). 

Miller WR, Zweben A, DiClemente CC, et al Motivational Enhancement Therapy Manual A Clinical Research Guide for Therapists Treating Individuals With Alcohol Abuse and Dependence. Project MATCH Monograph Series, Vol 2 (NIH Publ No 94—3723). Rockville, MD, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 1995b... 

Rawson RA, Huber A, McCann M, et al A comparison of contingency management and cognitive-behavioral approaches during methadone maintenance treatment for cocaine dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 59 817—824, 2002 Rohsenow DJ, Monti PM, Martin RA, et al Motivational enhancement and coping skills training for cocaine abusers effect on substance use outcomes. Addiction... 

While pharmacologic agents may help prevent relapse, psychotherapy should be the core therapeutic intervention. Motivational enhancement therapy (MET), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), 12-step facilitation (TSF), behavioral couples therapy (BCT), community reinforcement approaches, and contingency management are the best-studied forms of psychotherapy in this group of patients. 

Motivational enhancement therapy begins with the assumption that the capacity for change lies within the patient. The therapist and patient then work together to design a plan to implement treatment goals. The findings suggest that this may be... 

Miller, W. R., Zweben, A., DiClemente, C. C., Rychtarik, R. G. (1999). Motivational enhancement therapy manual A clinical research guide for therapists treating individuals with alcohol abuse and dependence. In M. E. Mattson (Ed.), Project MATCH Monograph Series, 2. Rockville, MD National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. 

The intrinsic basis for motivation enhanced by transformational and charismatic leaders is emphasized in Shamir et al. s (1993) self-concept theory. Self-concepts are composed, in part, of identities. The higher the salience of an identity within the self-concept, the greater its motivational significance. Charismatic leaders achieve their transformational effects through implicating the self-concept of followers by the following four core processes ... 

Semiconductor devices are required for a large variety of power electronics applications. In fact, it is recognized by the power electronics community that the growth in ratings and improvements in performance of these systems are strongly dependent on the availability of semiconductor devices with better electrical characteristics. This has motivated enhancement of the performance... 

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