Metastatic pattern

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Chishima T, Miyagi Y, Wang X et al. Metastatic patterns of lung cancer visualized live and in process by green fluorescence protein expression. Clin Exp Metastasis 1997 15 547-552. 

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Wang J, Hunt JL, Gooding W, et al. Expression pattern of chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) and CCR7 in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck identifies a novel metastatic phenotype. Cancer Res 2004 64 1861-1866. 

Although efforts are underway to identify markers in serum and prostate tissue, the question arose as to whether metastatic prostate cancer cell lines accurately represent in vivo disease. It was found that in vitro cell cultures (LnCaP and PC3) shared less than 20% of proteins when compared to in vivo LCM procured malignant prostate cancer. 2D-PAGE protein profiles were used to compare normal and malignant cells to immortalized cells from the same patient. Protein expression patterns were dramatically altered when cells were grown in culture and immortalized most notably, a loss of prostate specific antigen expression was observed [18]. Thus, caution must be used when working with immortalized cell lines to discover potential disease markers. 

The results of this effort were a detailed pattern of structure-activity relationships (Figure 16.2), and the production of two compounds, topotecan 3[8] and irinotecan 4[9], which were approved for clinical use in 1996, the main indications being ovarian and small-cell lung cancer for the former and metastatic colorectal cancer for the latter. Irinotecan is a water-soluble prodrug of the active compound SN-38 (5) Figure 16.3). Several reviews of this phase of research have been published [10-12]. 

Cardiac toxicity, consistent with myocardial infarction, was observed in three of seven patients with metastatic cancer receiving intravenous bolus interleukin-4 to a daily total of 800 micrograms/m (5). A unique pattern of myocarditis with predominant polymorphonuclear, eosinophil, and mast cell infiltration was the possible cause of death in one case and suggested an allergic inflammatory myocardial process. 

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