Models metastasis

Kreunin, P, Urquidi, V., Luhman, D. M., Goodison, S. (2004). Identification of metastasis-associated proteins in a human tumor metastasis model using the mass-mapping technique. Proteomics 4(9), 2754—2765. 

Murray, F.J. SU11248 inhibits tumor growth and CSF-lR-dependent osteolysis in an experimental breast cancer bone metastasis model. Clin. Exp. Metastasis 2003, 20 757-766. 

Another common issue relates to the relationship between tu-morigenicity and metastasis. They are distinct phenotypes. Tumori-genicity is a prerequisite to metastasis, but metastasis is a property of only a small portion of cells within a neoplasm (reviewed in Chambers, et al. 1995 Fidler and Nicolson 1987 Luzzi et al., 1998 Weiss, 1990). Metastatic cells represent a subpopulation having additional capabilities to those required for uncontrolled growth. So, in order to study metastasis, models designed specifically for this purpose are necessary. Moreover, the appropriate use of these models is required. 

Berlin, O., Samid, D., Donthineni-Rao, R., Akeson, W., Amiel, D. and Woods, V. L. (1993). Development of a novel spontaneous metastasis model of human osteosarcoma transplanted orthotopically into bone of athymic nude mice. Cancer Res. S3,4890-4895. 

CmaUc, S., Hakansson, L, Boquist, L., Lofvenberg, R. and Brostrbm, L. A. (1997). A novel spontaneous metastasis model of human osteosarcoma developed using orthotopic transplantation of intact tumor tissue into tibia of nude mice. Clin. Exptl. Metastasis 15, 164-172. 

Slooter GD, Breeman WAP, Marquet RL, Krenning EP, Van Eijck CHJ. Anti-prolifera-tive effect of radiolabelled octreotide in a metastasis model in rat liver. Int J Cancer 1999 81 767-771. 

Taking these factors into consideration, the intravenous administration of Hpoplex may represent a promising gene dehvery method to treat pulmonary diseases. Simple gene delivery can be an effective approach for the treatment of lung diseases, including pulmonary metastasis of tumor cells. Indeed, the intravenous administration of interferon (IFN)-/9- and interleukin (IL)-12-encoding pDNA has been shown to provide effective treatment in a murine pulmonary cancer metastasis model [27, 28]. 

R. Van Hillegersberg, J.W. Van den Berg, W.J. Kort, O.T. Terpstra, J.H. Wilson (1992). Selective accumulation of endogenously produced porphyrins in a liver metastasis model in rats. Gastroenterology, 103, 647-651. 

Kjonniksen, L, Storeng, R., Pihl, A., McLemore, T. L., and Fodstad, O. (1989). A human tumor lung metastasis model in athymic nude rats. Cancer. Res. 49, 5148-5152. 

In addition, DE-310 (qdxl) exhibited potent antitumor effects against human tumor xenografts in mice, and also significantly prolonged survival in the lung metastasis model (3LL) and in the liver metastasis model (M5076). 

Immunohistochemical studies relate polysialic acid-NCAM expression to tumor malignancy in neuroblastoma, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma [189], neuroendocrine lung tumors [190], Wilm s tumor [191], aggressive colon cancers [192], and pancreatic cancer [193]. In studies on the role of polysialic acid in tumor cell behavior, endosialidase has been used as a tool to remove polysialic acid from the surface of cells and tumors. In a metastasis model using human rhabdomyosarcoma TE671 cells, endoNA injected intraperitoneally reduces the expression of polysialic acid and the number of lung and liver metastases formed from intraperi-toneal primary tumors [194]. For comparison, the effect was not seen with intramuscular primary tumors that cannot be reached by the intraperitoneally injected endosialidase. 

Ren, C., Kumar, S., Chanda, D., Kallman, L., Chen, J., Mountz, J. D., and Pormazhagan, S. 2008. Cancer gene therapy using mesenchymal stem cells expressing interferon-beta in a mouse prostate cancer lung metastasis model. Gene Titer, 15,1446-53. 

Santel, A., Aleku, M., Roder, N., Mopert, K., Durieux, B., Janke, O., KeU, O., Endruschat, J., Dames, S., Lange, C., Eisermann, M., Loffler, K., Fechtner, M., Fisch, G., Vank, C., Schaeper, U., Giese, K., Kaufmann, J., 2010. Atu027 prevents pulmonary metastasis in experimental and spontaneous mouse metastasis models. Clin. Cancer Res. 16, 5469-5480. 

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