Metal fulminates silver fulminate

See other ENDOTHERMIC COMPOUNDS, METAL FULMINATES, SILVER COMPOUNDS... 

P. J. Urben (editor). Bretherick s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 7th edition, Vol. 2 (see fulminating metals, fulminating silver, Tollen s reagent), Elsevia-, New York, 2007, pp. 147 401-402. 

Singh and Palkar [726] identified an initial deceleratory reaction in the decomposition of silver fulminate. This obeyed first-order kinetics (E = 27 kJ mole-1) and overlapped with the acceleratory period of the main reaction, which obeyed the power law [eqn. (2), n = 2] with E = 119 kj mole-1. The mechanism proposed included the suggestion that two-dimensional growth of nuclei involved electron transfer from anion to metal. 

A mixture of solid silver nitrate and ethanol was handled with a metallic spatula. The mixture detonated as soon as it came into contact with the spatula. This detonation could be explained by the accidental formation of silver fulminate. However, witnesses noticed the smell of ethyl nitrate after the accident. 

See Silver 3-methylisoxazolin-4,5-dione-4-oximate Sodium 3 -methylisoxazolin-4,5 -dione-4-oximate Sodium 3 -phenylisoxazolin-4,5 -dione-4-oximate metal fulminates See other A-OXIDES... 

A chemical polishing mixture was put into a closed glass bottle which burst 30 min later, and formation of silver fulminate was suggested. However, in absence of the silver salt such mixtures evolve gas and should not be stored in any event, especially after use for metal polishing, when the dissolved metal(s) tend to further destabilise the mixture. 

Although the description fulminating is not used and thus confusion with the fulminate not caused, mercury also forms explosive compounds of similar nature. The nitride (ibid.) is the most common and can be formed from the metal and ammonia in some circumstances, causing accidents where mercury manometers are used with ammonia. Halo-hydroxy- and oxy-nitrides can also be involved [3], See METAL FULMINATES, GOLD COMPOUNDS, A-METAL DERIVATIVES, PRECIOUS METAL DERIVATIVES, SILVER COMPOUNDS... 

Fulminating silver is the most violently explosive compound among the nitrogen derivatives of the noble metals. Formed from action of ammonia on silver oxide, or on addition of potassium hydroxide to an ammoniacal solution of a silver salt, it is a black powder which explodes violently in the liquid in which it is formed if the slightest stirring is used. It probably contains amminesilver hydroxides, [Ag(NH3),]OH. 

The metal fulminates are all powerfully explosive. Of several salts examined, those of cadmium, copper and silver were more powerful detonators than mercury fulminate, while thallium fulminate was much more sensitive to heating and impact. Formally related salts are also explosive [1]. Sodium, potassium, rubidium and caesium fulminates are all easily detonated by feeble friction or heat. They all form double salts with mercury(II) fulminate which also explode readily, that of the rubidium salt at 45 °C [2],... 

This class of compounds showing explosive instability deals with heavy metals bonded to elements other than nitrogen and contains the separately treated groups GOLD COMPOUNDS LEAD SALTS OF NITRO COMPOUNDS LITHIUM PERALKYLURANATES MERCURY COMPOUNDS METAL ACETYLIDES METAL FULMINATES METAL OXALATES PLATINUM COMPOUNDS PRECIOUS METAL DERIVATIVES SILVER COMPOUNDS... 

Reactions with metals. When mercury fulminate is boiled with water containing metallic suspensions, the majority of metals (e.g. aluminium, zinc, copper), form their fulminates and mercury is precipitated. Reaction can also occur at room temperature, except with nickel. Other metals may be ranged according to increasing reactivity silver, tin, bismuth, cadmium, iron, lead, copper, zinc, brass, aluminium. With aluminium, the reaction takes only a few hours, yielding a large amount of A1203. 

The complex salts of precious metals, formed by the action of ammonia either on aqueous solutions of silver, gold and platinum salts or on silver oxide were the first substances tp reveal the ability to explode violently on heating, on direct contact witl flame or by friction or impact ( fulminating silver and gold). 

The only directly accessible metal fulminates are those of mercury(II) and silver(I), very dangerously exposive solids obtained by the action of nitric acid and ethanol on the metals or their salts. Most modern preparations of fulminato complexes involve the conversion of a known amount of mercury fulminate into aqueous sodium fulminate by the action of sodium amalgam and ice-cold water the sodium fulminate solution is then allowed to react with the appropriate amount of a transition metal salt, and the resulting complex fulminato ion is precipitated as the salt of a large cation, most frequently Ph4As+ or R4N+ these are not explosive,4,35 Alkali and alkaline earth metal salts containing complex fulminato anions may be isolated from aqueous solutions, but they are reported to be as exposive as the binary silver and mercury fulminates, and are therefore usually avoided. 

Luchs, J. K., Photog. Sci. Eng., 1966, 10, 335 Explosive, but less sensitive than the azide or fulminate. See other METAL PHOSPHINATES, SILVER COMPOUNDS... 

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