Metallic fulminates

Metal Fulminates or aci - nitro salts Fluorodinitromethyl compounds... 

W. Beck Organometal Chem. Complex metal fulminates 32 ... 

Oxidising nitromethane electrochemically by using lithium perchlorate led to a violent detonation, which was explained by the formation of an unstable metal fulminate ... 

See other ENDOTHERMIC COMPOUNDS, METAL FULMINATES, SILVER COMPOUNDS... 

See Silver 3-methylisoxazolin-4,5-dione-4-oximate Sodium 3 -methylisoxazolin-4,5 -dione-4-oximate Sodium 3 -phenylisoxazolin-4,5 -dione-4-oximate metal fulminates See other A-OXIDES... 

See other endothermic compounds, mercury compounds, metal fulminates... 

Metal- and halogen-containing complexes (metal fulminates, halites, halates, etc.). 

CYANO COMPOUNDS, DIENES, HALOACETYLENE DERIVATIVES, HALOGEN OXIDES, METAL ACETYLIDES, METAL FULMINATES, OXIDES OF NITROGEN The individually indexed endothermic compounds, for most of which heats of formation are given in the text f Acetonitrile, 0758... 

N O Metal METAL FULMINATES or acz-NITRO SALTS, OXIMATES... 

Although the description fulminating is not used and thus confusion with the fulminate not caused, mercury also forms explosive compounds of similar nature. The nitride (ibid.) is the most common and can be formed from the metal and ammonia in some circumstances, causing accidents where mercury manometers are used with ammonia. Halo-hydroxy- and oxy-nitrides can also be involved [3], See METAL FULMINATES, GOLD COMPOUNDS, A-METAL DERIVATIVES, PRECIOUS METAL DERIVATIVES, SILVER COMPOUNDS... 

The metal fulminates are all powerfully explosive. Of several salts examined, those of cadmium, copper and silver were more powerful detonators than mercury fulminate, while thallium fulminate was much more sensitive to heating and impact. Formally related salts are also explosive [1]. Sodium, potassium, rubidium and caesium fulminates are all easily detonated by feeble friction or heat. They all form double salts with mercury(II) fulminate which also explode readily, that of the rubidium salt at 45 °C [2],... 

This class of compounds showing explosive instability deals with heavy metals bonded to elements other than nitrogen and contains the separately treated groups GOLD COMPOUNDS LEAD SALTS OF NITRO COMPOUNDS LITHIUM PERALKYLURANATES MERCURY COMPOUNDS METAL ACETYLIDES METAL FULMINATES METAL OXALATES PLATINUM COMPOUNDS PRECIOUS METAL DERIVATIVES SILVER COMPOUNDS... 

The other fulminates are of no practical value. They are prepared from mercury fulminate either by reacting the metal amalgam with a suspension of mercury fulminate in water (this is applicable to the majority of metals, including the alkali metals, or simply by the action of the metal itself (e.g. zinc or thallium) which displaces mercury from mercury fulminate (also in water). For example, chips of thallium, zinc, or copper are allowed to stand for some time in a suspension of mercury fulminate in water, the corresponding metal fulminate is gradually formed. 

Flash thermolysis of 4-substituted isoxazol-5(4//)-ones can be used to generate alkynes, isocyanides, aminoisocyanides and ketenimines (77C258, 76HCA2615). Decomposition of the oxime (538) at an oven temperature of 450 °C produces C02, benzonitrile and fulminic acid (539 equation 5) (79AG(E)467). This method thus offers a safe alternative to the synthesis of fulminic acid from the explosive metal fulminates. 

Hg(CNO)2 is decomposed by heat (equation 8).4 It crystallizes in the orthorhombic form and contains linearly coordinated mercury.21 It reacts with alkali metal fulminate solutions to form the highly explosive compounds M2Hg(CNO)4 (M = K, Rb, Cs) with larger cations such as Ph4As+ more stable complexes are formed.219,220 Besides the homogeneous anionic mercury(II) fulminato complexes there are a few mixed species with unknown structures, e.g. Na Hg(CNO)2X (X = Cl, Br) or Na2S203-2Hg(CNO).221... 

The only directly accessible metal fulminates are those of mercury(II) and silver(I), very dangerously exposive solids obtained by the action of nitric acid and ethanol on the metals or their salts. Most modern preparations of fulminato complexes involve the conversion of a known amount of mercury fulminate into aqueous sodium fulminate by the action of sodium amalgam and ice-cold water the sodium fulminate solution is then allowed to react with the appropriate amount of a transition metal salt, and the resulting complex fulminato ion is precipitated as the salt of a large cation, most frequently Ph4As+ or R4N+ these are not explosive,4,35 Alkali and alkaline earth metal salts containing complex fulminato anions may be isolated from aqueous solutions, but they are reported to be as exposive as the binary silver and mercury fulminates, and are therefore usually avoided. 

---