Gold-lead compounds

After the mixture had been dried, the remaining residue (CD-capped gold nanoparticles + compound 3) was found to express insolubility in dry CHCfi but the solubility was restored when water was used in the equilibration of the chloroform. In our judgment, this finding clearly makes it apparent that there must be some water necessary for the efficient phase transfer of the nanoparticles into CHCfi. This finding leads to the conclusion that the idealized structure that has been proposed for the nanoparticles after they have been transferred to the chloroform phase (Scheme 2) has some aspects that must be similar to the structure of reverse micelles. We come to the conclusion that these nanoparticle-centered assemblies are similar in a conceptual way to gold-filled reverse micelles. (124 words)... 

In this account, the new oxidation states are introduced in the format of a short, but it is hoped complete, summary covering the literature until late 1980. Some of the topics were reviewed previously, but the articles soon became out-dated because of the rapid growth of the fields. Best known are the discussion of gold(II) compounds (23) and the early presentation of gold(V) complexes (5). Gold clusters have been included in the leading reference texts on gold chemistry (77, 85), and the -1 state appeared in a recent summary on liquid metals and liquid semiconductors (39). 

No simple salts of 2,1 -benzisothiazole have been described in the literature, other than those of amino-substituted derivatives,101 in which the site of protonation is probably the cyclic nitrogen atom, at least in the 3-substituted compounds. The parent compound does, however, form a simple crystalline nitrate 114 which is not very stable. A number of complex salts with platinum, gold, lead, and mercury salts and with picric acid have been described.96,97,116 The picrate is highly crystalline and stable, and is useful for the isolation and characterization of 2,1-benzisothiazole. Many substituted 2,1-benzisothiazoles form similarly useful picrates.106... 

Paracelsus abandoned all this witchcraft and superstition. He started the search for the potent drugs which the alchemist was to prepare or purify. Even the many herbs and extracts in common medical use were placed secondary to the value of these chemicals. There were many who gave ear to his instructions They went back to their laboratories, threw away the crucibles filled with the strange concoctions that would not change to gold, and sought medicines to relieve human suffering. Paracelsus himself showed the way. He experimented in his laboratory, and introduced into medicine salves made from the salts of mercury. He was the first to use tincture of opium, named by him laudanum, in the treatment of disease. The present pharmacopoeia includes much that Paracelsus employed —lead compounds, iron and zinc salts, arsenic preparations for skin diseases, milk of sulfur, blue vitriol, and other chemicals. 

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