Nitrate, ethyl

This ester resembles its methyl homologue in possessing three modes of decomposition [131]. It also supports a self-decomposition flame, the multiple reaction zones of which are clearly separated at low pressures [122, 123, 125]. Temperature and composition profiles in the low-pressure decomposition flame have been measured [133]. The products include formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and ethanol with smaller amounts of methane and nitromethane. The activation energy derived from the variation of flame speed with final flame temperature was 38 kcal. mole , close to the dissociation energy of the RO—NO2 bond. The controlling reaction is believed to be unimolecular in its low pressure regime, and the rate coefficient calculated from the heat-release profile is 

Most of the ethyl nitrate decomposes in the high temperature region (740—800 °K) of the flame where it is believed that unimolecular thermal decomposition [129] is the rate controlling process. The rate equation given above corresponds to a unimolecular reaction in its low-pressure region and the pre-exponential term suggests that the activation energy is distributed over about 10 square terms. 

In the low temperature region of the flame the activation energy is lower and, up to 740 °K, radical attack is significant, viz. 

The stationary flame, stabilized above a liquid surface has also been examined [134]. Immediately above the liquid there is a dark space, followed by an orange glow which in turn, gives way to a faint greenish glow. The maximum temperature 1175 °K was reached about 10 mm above the liquid surface. Numerous products were identified and most can 

The primary step in the decomposition of ethyl nitrate (C2H5ONO2) is again the breaking of the C2H5O-NO2 bond, and the decomposition rate obeys a first-order law. The decomposition process of ethylene glycol dinitrate can be written as [29] 

NOj is then converted into NO by the oxidation reaction with RCHO. 

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Included in the table are all compounds for which information was available through the C, compounds. The mass number for the five most important peaks for each compound are listed, followed in each case by the relative intensity in parentheses. The intensities in all cases are normalized to the w-butane 43 peak taken as 100. Another method for expressing relative intensities is to assign the base peak a value of 100 and express the relative intensities of the other peaks as a ratio to the base peak. Taking ethyl nitrate as an example, the tabulated values would be... 

Thieno[2,3-6]pyridine, 6-amino-2,3,4,5-tetracyano-synthesis, 4, 805 Thieno[2,3-6]pyridine, 5-ethyl-nitration, 4, 1014... 

CH5N METHYLAMINE -24.115 1.8179E-01 2.2182E-05 32.26 78 C2H5N03 ETHYL-NITRATE -156.474 3.9637E-01 1.3852E-05 -36.86... 

Ethanol amine dinitrate Ethylene diamine diperchlorate Ethylene glycol dinitrate Ethyl hydroperoxide Ethyl nitrate Ethyl nitrite Ethyl perchlorate... 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Ethanenitrile, Ethyl Nitrate, Cyanomethane, Methyl cyanide Chemical Formula CHjCN. 

Figure 1-6. Reaotion rate of ethyl nitrate as a funotion of oonoentration.

A number of other gases can undergo reactions that produce decomposition flames—for instance, ethylene, ethylene oxide, methyl nitrate, ethyl nitrate, and hydrazine (CCPS 1993). 

The reaction of ethyl nitrate with the indole Grignard reagent is discussed... 

Salpeter-ather, m. nitric ether (ethyl nitrate), -bakterien, n.pl. nitrifying bacteria, -bil-dung, /. nitrification, -blumen, f.pl. niter efflorescence, -damp/, -dupst, m. nitrous fumes, -erde, /. nitrous earth, -erzeugung, /. niter production nitrification. 

Salpetersaure. /. nitric acid, -anhydrid, n. nitric anhydride, (di)nitrogen pentoxide, nitrogen(V) oxide, -ather, m. nitric ether (ethyl nitrate), -bad, n. nitric acid bath, -dampf, m. nitric acid vapor or fume. 

When liq ammonia is mixed with solid N204 at about —80°, an expln occurs. The action of gaseous ammonia at -20° is less vigorous (Ref 11). Spontaneous expins occur on contact between liq N204 and hydrazine-type fuels (Ref 18). Contact-type explns also occur with such materials as acetic anhydride, liq ammonia, methyl and ethyl nitrate, and propylene (Ref 33). 

On mild warming attacks Pb, Bi, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, W, S and charcoal. On contact, ale is converted to ethyl nitrate and benz to NB. It attacks mucous membranes instantly (Ref 5)... 

Step (2) is supported by the observed slowing down of the initial decompn stages when N02 is added. It is also supported by Levy s studies of the decompn of ethyl nitrate (Ref 15b). At the higher temps, steps (3) and (4) remove both RCH20 and N02 so rapidly that there is essentially no back reaction (step 2). Thus the reaction is first order (step 1) over its entire course. It would appear steps (3) and (4) are heterogenous reactions (at least at lower temps) that are favored by the combination of added surface and increased pressure (upper dashed line in Fig 13). The reacceleration... 

We now rule it out in view of the convincing evidence by Levy (Ref 15b) that the analogous step is absent in the ethyl nitrate decompn. However, some RCH2OH may form via step 5. 

IPN gave a ERDE gap test (Scale III) of 16 cards at ambient temp. A value of over 27 cards is indicative of positive sensy to the rifle bullet test. Refs as to gap sensy include ethylene oxide (10 cards), Nitromethane (24 cards) and ethyl nitrate (43 cards)... 

Alcohols form esters from inorganic acids as shown above. Like all esterifications, these reactions are reversible that is, in the presence of water and the right conditions, they revert to the original alcohol and acid. Nitrate esters are mainly used as explosives, but some have found use as diesel fuel additives. Note the difference between a nitrate ester such as ethyl nitrate (C2H5ONO2) and an organic nitro compound such as nitroethane (C2H5NO2). 

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