Metabolic Adaptations

McGilvery, R.W. (1975). The use of fuels for muscular work. In Metabolic Adaptations to Prolonged Physical Exercise (Howald, H. Poortmans, J.R., eds.), pp. 12-30, Birkhauser Verlag, Basel. 

The simple nutritional requirements and metabolic adaptability of many common saprophytic spoilage microorganisms enable them to utilize many of the components of medicines as substrates for biosynthesis and growth, including not only the intended... 

Aeckersberg F, FA Rainey, F Widdel (1998) Growth, natural relationships, cellular fatty acids and metabolic adaptation of sulfate-reducing bacteria that utilize long-chain alkanes under anoxic conditions. Arch Microbiol 170 361-369. 

M. E. Theodoru and W. C. Plaxton, Metabolic adaptations of plant respiration to nutritional phosphate deprivation. Plant Physiol. 101 339 (1993). 

Glycogen stores in liver and kidney are exhausted in about 24 hours. After this, the body must find glucose equivalents somewhere. The major metabolic adaptations of starvation are the result of having to maintain glucose levels without any direct source of it (Fig. 17-8). 

FIGURE 31-7 Mitochondrial carriers. Ions and small molecules enter the intermembrane space, since the outer mitochondrial membrane is not a significant permeability barrier. However, the inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to ions except those for which there are specific carriers. Most of the carriers are reversible, as indicated by two-headed arrows. Compounds transported in one direction are indicated in red. The ATP/ADP translocase and the aspartate-glutamate carrier are both electrophoretic their transport is driven in the direction of the mitochondrial membrane potential, as indicated by red arrows. Glutamine is carried into the matrix by an electroneutral carrier. The unimpaired functioning of mitochondrial carriers is essential for normal metabolism. (Adapted with permission from reference [70].)... 

The transition from rest to mild activity and then to strenuous activity provides us with a good example of metabolism adapting to changes in the physiological situation. Exercise-related biochemistry is a major subject of research and a detailed description is beyond the scope of this text and the interested reader is referred to a specialized source. A brief overview is given below. 

The rate and extent of these changes are consistent with metabolic adaptations to hypoxia rather than impairment of uptake due the changes in root morphology. Thus Kronzucker et al. (1998a) argue that the initial up-regulation of NH4+ influx was a response to cytoplasmic acidosis involving decarboxylation of N... 

Rodgers, J. T., Lerin, C., Gerhart-Hines, Z., and Puigserver, P. (2008). Metabolic adaptations through PGC-1 alpha and SIRT1 pathways. FEBS Lett. 582,46-53. 

Contrasts between subsurface microbial communities and their metabolic adaptation to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at a forested and an urban coal-tar disposal site. Microbial Ecology, 24, 199-213. 

Crozier TA, Flamm C, Speer CP, Rath W, Wuttke W, Kuhn W, Kettler D. Effects of etomidate on the adrenocortical and metabolic adaptation of the neonate. Br J Anaesth 1993 70(l) 47-53. 

Demin, V.I., Androsova, I.M. and Ozemyuk, N.D. (1989). Energy metabolism adaptations in fish the influence of swimming speed and temperature on the cytochrome system of skeletal muscle (In Russian). Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 308,241-246. 

Kutty, M.N. and Mohamed, M.P. (1975). Metabolic adaptations of mullet with special reference to energy utilisation. Aquaculture 5,253-270. 

Erasmus, D. J., van der Merwe, G. K., and van Vuuren, H. J. (2003). Genome-wide expression analyses Metabolic adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to high sugar stress. FEMS Yeast Res. 3, 375-399. 

Di Giulio RT, Benson WH, Sanders BM, van Veld PA. 1995. Biochemical mechanisms metabolism, adaptation, and toxicity. In Rand GM, editor. Fundamentals of aquatic toxicology, 2nd ed. Washington (DC) Taylor Francis, p 523-561. 

Gonzalez, A. A., Kumar, R., Mulligan, J. D., Davis, A. J., Weindruch, R., and Saupe, K. W. 2004. Metabolic adaptations to fasting and chronic caloric restriction in heart, muscle, and liver do not include changes in AMPK activity. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 287 E1032-E1037. Grassi, G. 2004. Leptin, sympathetic nervous system, and baroreflex function. Curr. Hypertens. Rep. 6 236-240. 

Allard, M. F., Parsons, H. L., Saeedi, R., Wambolt, R. B., and Brownsey, R. 2007. AMPK and metabolic adaptation by the heart to pressure overload. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 292(1) H140-H148. 

Mendelssohn, I.A., McKee, K.L., and Patrick, W.H. (1981) Oxygen deficiency in Spartina altemiflora roots metabolic adaptation to anoxia. Science 439-441. 

Reisser, T., W. Langutt, and H. Kersten (1994). The nutrient factor queuine protects Hela cells from hypoxic stress and improves metabolic adaptation to oxygen availability. Eur. J. Biochem. 221 979-986. 

Figure 8.1 Schematic representation of xenobiotic metabolism. (Adapted from Wilkinson, C.F., in The Future for Insecticides Needs and Prospects, Metcalf, R.L. and McKelvey, J.J., Jr., Eds., John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1976, p. 195.)...

Figure 16.23. Alteration of Gene Expression in Tumors Due to Hypoxia. The hypoxic conditions inside a tumor mass lead to the activation of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF-1), which induces metabolic adaptation (increase in glycolytic enzymes) and activates angiogenic factors that stimulate the growth of new blood vessels. [Adapted from C. V. Dang and G. L. Semenza. Trends Biochem. Sci. 24(1999) 68-72.]...

Metabolic Adaptations in Prolonged Starvation Minimize Protein Degradation... 

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