Roots metabolism

G. A. Gilbert, C. P. Vance, and D. L. Allan. Regulation of white lupin root metabolism by phosphorus availability. Phosphorus in Plant Biology Regulatory Roles in Molecular. Cellular, Organismlc, and Ecosystem Processes (J. P. Lynch and J. Deikman. eds,), American Society of Plant Physiologists, 1998, p. 157. 

Alterations in root metabolism as a result of ozone treatment are also reflected in the nodulation of soybeans (21). When soybeans were exposed to a single acute ozone dose (lM-70 yg/m ozone for 1 hr) and harvested at weekly intervals following exposure, nodule number increased more slowly in exposed plants (2 nodules/wk) than in control plants (8 nodules/wk) (Fig. 9). 

Mendelssohn, I.A., McKee, K.L., and Patrick, W.H. (1981) Oxygen deficiency in Spartina altemiflora roots metabolic adaptation to anoxia. Science 439-441. 

Saturated soil conditions in wetlands affect plant growth and productivity in several ways. The abundance of water seriously interferes with plant root metabolism, creating root oxygen deficiency. In addition, microbial processes in wetland soils can produce reduced substances potentially toxic to wetland plants. Saturated soil conditions in wetlands affect the reactivity of many inorganic redox-mediated processes, thus influencing adaptations of wetland plants. 

The initiation of anaerobic root metabolism reduces the amount of ATP required for the following processes (all of which are needed for plant growth) ... 

Anaerobic root metabolism processes produce the following products, which can be toxic to plants ... 

Continuously flooded inland zone is where hypoxia impacts root metabolism that restricts plant growth and in some cases causes dieback. 

Explain differences between aerobic and anaerobic root metabolisms. 

McKee, K. L. and I. A. Mendelssohn. 1987. Root metabolism in black mangrove (Avicennia germinani L.) response to hypoxia. Environ. Exp. Bot. 27 147-150. 

The rapid and wide-ranging fluctuations in environmental conditions such as temperature, solar radiation, humidity, and soil moisture can significantly influence the chemical composition of the leaf. An increase in day/ night temperature combinations is generally correlated with total alkaloid levels, presumably as a result of increased synthesis and translocation of nicotine in response to increased root metabolism and transpiration (Long and Woltz 1977). Total alkaloid levels were highest in the lower leaves at... 

Activation tagging Agrobacterium rhizogenes Elicitation Hairy roots Metabolic engineering Pharmacological properties Ri-plants Ri-T-DNA Secondary metabolite production Terpenes Terpenoids... 

Plant cells are less specialized than animal cells in their metabolic abilities. An animal cell can develop or lose some metabolic properties depending on the tissue however, this process is mostly irreversible, e.g., there is no way known at present to reverse the development of a nerve cell or a liver cell into an embryonic one. This is true to some extent for plant cells also usually a leaf cell performs leaf metabolism, while a root cell performs only root metabolism. Under certain conditions, it is possible to change the metabolic properties. It was shown by Steward (1964) that carrot root cells, when released from the limitations of their normal tissue environment, can undergo differentiation to form all possible types of cells, leading ultimately to an entire plantlet. Some leaves or pieces of stem can readily form roots. Therefore, owing to this metabolic versatility, one might expect that alkaloids can be formed in all cells of a plant. This may be the case in some plants, such as Ricinus communis (castor bean), but it is not universal. 

Etymologically, metabolism means transformation (from the Greek root metabole). This term refers to any chemical reaction occurring in a living organism. Because vital functions occur within organs, tissues, cell, and organelles, transport mechanisms of biomolecules from one location to another are also an important part of metabolism. 

Abstract Cadmium is an important poiiutant in the environment, toxic to most organisms and a potential threat to human heaith Crops and other plants take up Cd from the soil or water and may enrich it in their roots and shoots. In this review, we suimnarize natural and anthropogenic reasons for the occurrence of Cd toxicity, and evaluate the observed phytotoxic effects of plants growing in Cd-supplemented sou or nutrient solution. Cd-induced effects include oxidative stress, genotoxicity, inhibition of the photosynthetic apparatus, and inhibition of root metabolism. We explain proposed and possible interactimis between these modes of toxicity. WhUe discussing recent and older studies, we further emphasize the environmental relevance of the experiments and the physiological response of the plant. 

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