Grafting membranes

Grafting of functional monomers onto fluoropolymers produced a wide variety of permselective membranes. Grafting of styrene (with the following sulfonation), (meth)acrylic acids, 4-vinylpyridine, A-vinylpyrrolidone onto PTFE films gave membranes for reverse omosis,32-34 ion-exchange membrane,35-39 membranes for separating water from organic solvents by pervaporation,49-42 as well as other kinds of valuable membranes. 

Sorsby, A., Simmonds, H. Amniotic membrane graft in caustic bums of the eye (bums of second degree). Br J Ophthalmol 31, 409-418 (1947)... 

Keywords Membranes Selectivity Separations Transport processes Pervaporation Acetic acid-water mixtures Poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes Graft copolymerization... 

Chemically resistant self-cleaning filtration membranes — Grafting of NIPAAm and dimethyl acrylamide onto polyvinylidene fluoride membranes to prepare chemically resistant self-cleaning membranes and drying membranes. 

Radiation-induced grafting methods, as explained before, are used to prepare the proton-conducting membrane grafting styrene and a cross-linking agent (divinylbenzene or triallyl cyanurate) on an FEP polymer film and then sulfonat-ing the membrane 211 grafting styrene on poly(vinylidene fluoride) in the presence... 

T. Jimbo, M. Higa, N. Minoura and A. Tanioka, Surface characterization of polyacrylonitrile) membranes graft-polymerized with ionic monomers as revealed by potential, Macromolecules, 1998, 31, 1277-1284 C. Molina, L. Victoria, A. Arenas and J. A. Ibanez, Streaming potential and surface charge density of microporous membranes with pore diameter in the range of thickness, J. Membr. Sci., 1999,163,239-255. 

In the context of controlling the functionality of the membrane, grafting of functional polymers at the inner side of the ion tracks is very attractive [39]. Three different routes can be followed, as schematically depicted in Figure 2.11. 

Base polymer film Proton-conducting membrane Grafting... 

Hattori, K. Yoshimi, Y. Sakai, K. Gate effect of cellulosic dialysis membrane grafted with molecularly imprinted polymer. J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 2001, 34, 1466-1469. 

Chung DJ, Ito Y, Imanishi Y (1994) Preparation of porous membranes grafted with poly (spiropyran-containing methacrylate) and photocontrol of permeability. J Appl Polym Sci 51 2027-2033... 

UF membranes were plasma-grafted with hydrophilic monomers to increase their surface hydrophilicity and hence improve the filtration of the protein. Ulbricht and Belfort (1995) used He or He/water plasma to graft AAc, methacrylic acid, and 2-hydroxyl-ethyl methacrylate (HEMA) onto polyacrylamide and PSU UF membranes. A PVDF nanoflber membrane graft copolymerized with methacrylic acid seemed to retain a high flux performance while its pore size was significantly smaller (Kaur et al. 2007). 

Kim, S.O.Y., Kanamori, T. and Shinbo, T. 2002b. Preparation of thermal-responsive poly(propylene) membranes grafted with n-isopropylacrylamide by plasma-induced polymerization and their water permeation. 

Figure 24. Performances of the miniature fuel cell obtained with a mesoporous silicon membrane grafted with proton-conducting silane (voltage vs current density in continuous line, power density vs current density in dashed line).

Keywords Polymeric membrane, phase inversion, hollow fiber, electrospimiing, modification of membranes, graft polymerization, mixed matrix membrane, UV irradiation, tensile strength... 

Kim J H, Lee Y M and Chung C N, Permeation of drug through porous polyurethane membranes grafted with poly(acrylic acid) , J. Korean Ind. Eng. Chem., 1992, 3, 233. 

Y. Ito, Y. S. Park, and Y. Imanishi. Visualization of critical pH-controlled gating of a porous membrane grafted with polyelectrolyte brushes. I. Am. Chem. Soc.. 119(ll) 2739-2740,1997. 

Tsang, E. M. W., Zhang, Z., Shi, Z., Soboleva, T, and Holdcroft, S. 2007. Considerations of macromolecular structure in the design of proton conducting polymer membranes Graft versus diblock nolvelectrolvtes.. 7. Am. Chem. Soc.. 129(49), 15106-15107. 

Huang, F., et al.. Dynamic Wettability and Contact Angles of Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride) Nanofiber Membranes Grafted with Acrylic Acid. Express Polymer Letters, 2010,4(9), 551-558. 

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