Grafted polymer electrolyte membranes

Shen M, Roy S, Kuhlmann JW, Scott K, Lovell K, Horsfall JA. 2004. Grafted polymer electrolyte membrane for direct methanol fuel cells. J Memb Sci 251 121-130. 

Chen, J., M. Asano, T. Yamaki et al. 2006. Effect of crosslinkers on the preparation and properties of ETFE-based radiation-grafted polymer electrolyte membranes. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 100 4565-4574. 

M. Shen, S. Roy, J. W. Kuhlmann, K. Scott, K. Lovell, and J. A. Horsfall, Grafted polymer electrolyte membrane for direct methanol fuel cell, J. Membr. Sci. 251(1-2), 121-130... 

Chen, J., Septiani, U., Asano, M., Maekawa, Y., Kubota, H., Yoshida, M. (2007b) Comparative study on the preparation and properties of radiation-grafted polymer electrolyte membranes based on fluoropolymer films. J. Appl. Polym. Sd. 103, 1966-1972. 

Patri, M., Hande, V. R., Phadnis, S. and Deb, P. C. 2004. Radiation-grafted solid polymer electrolyte membrane thermal and mechanical properties of sulfonated fluormated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP)-graft-acrylic acid membranes. Polymers for Advanced Technologies 15 622-627. 

Chen J, Asano M, Yamaki T, Yoshida M (2006) Preparation and characterization of chemically stable polymer electrolyte membranes by radiation-induced graft copolymerization of four monomers into ETFE films. J Membr Sci 269 194-204... 

O Development of Fuel Cell Polymer Electrolyte Membranes by Radiation-Induced Grafting with Electron-Beam Irradiation... 

K. Yamazaki, G. Wang, M. Tanaka, H. Kawakami, Sulfonated block-graft copolyimide for high proton conductive and low gas permeable polymer electrolyte membrane, J. Power Sources 216 (2012) 387-394. 

T. Tran Duy, S.I. Sawada, S. Hasegawa, Y. Katsumura, Y. Maekawa, Poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene)(ETFE)-based graft-type polymer electrolyte membranes with different ion exchange capacities relative humidity dependence for fuel cell applications, J. Membr. Sci. 447 (2013) 19-25. 

Ihara, T., Nakamura, T., Ikada, Y., Asaka, K., Oguro, K., Fujiwara, N. Application of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane-gold to an active graft. In Proceedings of the Second Conference on Artificial Muscles (2004)... 

Suksawad, R, Kosugi, K., Yamamoto, Y, Aka-bori, K., Kuroda, H., and Kawahara, S. (2011). Polymer electrolyte membrane with nanomatrix channel prepared by sulfonation of natural rubber grafted with polystyrene. J. Appl. Polym. Set. 122,2403-2414. 

Kimura Y, Asano M, Chen J, Maekawa Y, Katakai R, Yoshida M. Influence of grafting solvents on the properties of polymer electrolyte membranes prepared by y-ray preirradiation method. Radiat Phys Chem 2008 77 864-870. 

Fig. 5 Projected life capabilities for certain polymer electrolyte membrane (PEMs) in Hj/O fuel cell stacks (210-480kPa 50-300mA cm fully hmnidified grafted polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA), grafted trifluoromethansulfonic acid (TFSA), and Nafion, (1,250 to 1,1(X) equivalent weight) nongrafted TFSA (400-600 equivalent weight) 175-300- im PEM thickness 4-8 mg Pt cm each side) (LaConti et al. 2005)...

Sundhohn s research was well summarized in a review article [ 129], including the description and characterization of novel polymer electrolyte membranes for low-temperature fuel cells. Membranes made of PVDF-g-PSS A graft copolymers, cross-linked by divinylbenzene (and/or bis(vinylphenyl)ethane) [131,134,135], were compared with noncross-hnked membranes. The authors observed that the ion conductivity of the cross-hnked membranes was lower than that of noncross-hnked ones (induced by the inefficient sulfonation of the cross-linked materials and also by low water uptake at a low degree of grafting). Confocal Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize the PVDF-g-PSS A membranes in fuel cell conditions [136], finding that the cross-hnked membranes did not undergo the degradation noted with the noncross-hnked films. 

Chi, W.S., Patel, R., Hwang, H., Shul, Y.G., Kim, J.H., Preparation of poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposite membranes based on graft polymerization and sol-gel process for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, J. Solid State Electrochem., 2012, 16, 1405-1414. 

K.A. Stewart, M. Singh, H.P.S. Missan, Novel PVdF-graft-VIm based nano-composite polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications, ECS Trans., 25 (2009) 1459 1468. 

Gubler, L., S. A. Giirsel, and G. G. Scherer, Radiation-grafted membranes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Journal Fuel Cells, August 2005. 

Nezu, S., Seko, H., Gondo, M. and Ito, N. 1996. High performance radiation-grafted membranes and electrodes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Department of Energy (DOE). Fuel cell seminar, Orlando. 

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