Membrane bioreactors evaluation

Fleischer EJ, Broderick TA, Daigger GT, Fonseca AD, Holbrook RD, and Murthy SN. Evaluation of membrane bioreactor process capabibties to meet stringent effluent nutrient discharge requirements. Water Envir Res. 2(X)5 77 162-178. 

At various places throughout the first five chapters in the book we have, when it appeared relevant to the discussion, referenced studies which addressed issues pertaining to the economic/technical feasibility of membrane reactor processes. In this chapter we specifically focus our attention on these issues. In the discussion in this chapter we have, by necessity, drawn our information from published studies and reports. Several proprietary studies reportedly exist, carried out by a number of industrial companies, particularly during the last decade, which have evaluated the potential of membrane reactors for application in large-scale catalytic processes. By all accounts the conclusions reached in these proprietary reports mirror those found in the published literature. In the discussion which follows, we will first discuss catalytic and electrochemical reactors. We will then conclude with a discussion on membrane bioreactors. 

Yildiz E., Keskinler B., Pekdemir T., Akay G., Nihoglu A. 2005. High strength wastewater treatment in a jet loop membrane bioreactor Kinetics and performance evaluation, Chem. Eng. Sd., 60, 1103-1116. 

Tewari PK, Singh RK, Batra VS, and Balakrishnan M. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) for wastewater treatment Filtration performance evaluation of low cost polymeric and ceramic membranes. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2010 71 200-204. 

Ihe evaluation of performance of membrane bioreactors requires the definition of some key parameters, such as conversion degree and productivity. 

The analysis and performance evaluation of membrane bioreactors is reported in Fig. 1.8. A detailed analysis of the distributed parameters can be seen. 

Abstract In this chapter, membrane bioreactors are described from an economic point of view. Economic analysis is a crucial stage in plant design, project and control and also requires an evaluation of the research, development and commercialization of the products and bioproducts. Such an analysis is focused here on membrane bioreactors and reactors, also taking into account the separation units such as micro-, ultra- and nano-flltration units that might be used as a downstream process or as pretreatment steps. The most important rules and parameters are first introduced. Some examples of application and case studies are also reported. 

Munasinghe, P. C., Khanal, S. K. (2012). Syngas fermentation to biofuel evaluation of carbon monoxide mass transfer and analytical modehng using a composite hollow fiber (CHF) membrane bioreactor. Bioresource Technology, 122, 130—136. 

Dereli, R. K., Urban, D. R., Heffeman, B., Jordan, J. A., Ewing, J., Rosenberger, G. T., et al. (2012). Performance evaluation of a pilot-scale anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) treating ethanol thin stillage. Environmental Technology, 33, 1511—1516. 

Lin, H., Chen, J., Wang, F., Ding, L., Hong, H. (2011). Peasibriity evaluation of submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor for municipal secondary wastewater treatment. Desalination, 280, 120—126. 

Liithi and Luisi [44] have used a hoUow fiber membrane reactor for peptide synthesis catalyzed by a-chymotrypsin in microemulsion. Chang et al. [110] described the immobilization of lipase on liposomes, which, in turn, were solubilized in AOT/isooctane reversed micelles and used for the continuous glycerolysis of olive oil in an ultrafiltration cell. The half-Ufe of the Chromo. viscosum lipase was 7 weeks. The development of an ultrafiltration ceramic membrane bioreactor for the simultaneous lipolysis of olive oil and product separation in AOT/isooctane reversed micellar media has been also reported [106,107], Cutinase performance was also evaluated in a ceramic membrane reactor [9]. An attempt to minimize the surfactant contamination problem was based on the use of an electro-ultrafiltration method which can decrease the gel formation in the membrane surface, improving the filtration flux, achieving the separation of the AOT reverse micelles [187],... 

Brannock, M, Wang, Y and Leslie, G (2010a), Evaluation of Full-Scale Membrane Bioreactor Mixing Performance the Effect of Membrane Configuration , Journal of Membrane Science, 350 101-108. 

Wang, Y (2010b). Evaluation of Membrane Bioreactor Mixing Performance via Computational Fluid Dynamics Modelling, UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science Technology, School of Chemical Engineering,The University of New South Wales, PhD thesis, Sydney, Australia. 

Soil has long been considered as a chemical system due to its semipermeability to chemicals, bioactivity, interactions with chemicals, and so on. As a result, soil has been idealized as a leaky semipermeable membrane in chemical osmosis to explain various abnormal transport phenomena of water and chemicals in soil (Hanshaw, 1972 Marine and Fritz, 1981 Fritz and Marine, 1983 Yeung, 1990 Keijzer, Kleingeld, and Loch, 1999) as a Donnan membrane (Donnan, 1924) to examine the influences of soil type, water content, electrolyte concentration, and the cation and anion distribution in pore fluid on electroosmotic flow of fluid in soil (Gray and Mitchell, 1967) as a bioreactor to evaluate the impact of oxygen transfer on efficiency of bioremediation (Woo and Park, 1997) and so on. 

In enzyme bioreactors (EBRs), in which the enzyme is used in homogeneous conditions and no membrane separation occurs, productivity can be evaluated as ... 

Farid Benyahia (immobilized nitrifiers in wastewater treatment membrane distillation desalination water quality and energy efficiency analysis airlift bioreactors low-grade heat in membrane distillation for freshwater production bioremediation of oil spills development, design and evaluation of advanced refinery wastewater treatment processes), College of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University (QU), Doha... 

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