Membrane science and technology

William Eykamp, Ph.D., Adjunct Professor of Chemical Engineering, Tufts University Formerly President, Koch Membrane Systems Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Chemical Society, American Association for the Advancement of Science, North American Membrane Society, European Society of Membrane Science and Technology (Section 22, Alternative Separation Processes)... 

Blatt, Dravid, Michaels, and Nelson in Fbnn (ed.). Membrane Science and Technology, 47, Plenum, 1970. 

In the recent years, many researchers have devoted attention to the development of membrane science and technology. Different important types of membranes, such as these for nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, separation of gases and inorganic membranes, facilitated or liquid membranes, catalytic and conducting membranes, and their applications and processes, such as wastewater purification and bio-processing have been developed [303], In fact, almost 40 % of the sales from membrane production market are for purifying wastewaters. 

Blatt, W. F., Dravid, A., Michaels, A. S. and Nelson, L. In Membrane Science and Technology, Flinn, J. E. (ed.) (Plenum, New York, 1970). Solute polarisation and cake formation in membrane ultrafiltration Causes, consequences and control techniques. 

Bloch, R. Hydrometallurgical Separations by Solvent Membranes Flynn, J. E. Ed., Membrane Science and Technology, Plenum Press New York, 1970. Danesi, P. R. Sep. Sci. Technol., 1984-1985, /9(11-12), 857-894. 

V. Schroder, Z. Wang, and H. Schubert Production of Oil-in-Water Emnlsions by Microporous Membranes. In Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Progress in Membrane Science and Technology, Enromembrane 1997 439, University of Twente (1997). 

This book provides a general introduction to membrane science and technology. Chapters 2 to 4 cover membrane science, that is, topics that are basic to all membrane processes, such as transport mechanisms, membrane preparation, and boundary layer effects. The next six chapters cover the industrial membrane separation processes, which represent the heart of current membrane technology. Carrier facilitated transport is covered next, followed by a chapter reviewing the medical applications of membranes. The book closes with a chapter that describes various minor or yet-to-be-developed membrane processes, including membrane reactors, membrane contactors and piezodialysis. 

R. Bloch, Hydrometallurgical Separations by Solvent Membranes, in Proceedings of Membrane Science and Technology, J.E. Flinn (ed.), Columbus Laboratories of Battelle Memorial Institute, Plenum Press, pp. 171-187 (1970). 

This membrane industry is very fragmented. Industrial applications are divided into six main sub-groups reverse osmosis ultrafiltration microfiltration gas separation pervaporation and electrodialysis. Medical applications are divided into three more artificial kidneys blood oxygenators and controlled release pharmaceuticals. Few companies are involved in more than one sub-group of the industry. Because of these divisions it is difficult to obtain an overview of membrane science and technology this book is an attempt to give such an overview. 

Drioli, E., Criscuoli, A. and Curcio, E. (2006) Membrane Contactors Fundamentals, Applications and Potentialities, Membrane Science and Technology Series, vol. 11, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Boston. 

Barbieri, G., Scura, F. and Brunetti, A. (2008) Mathematical modelling ofPd-alloy membrane reactors, in Inorganic Membranes Synthesis, Characterization and Applications, vol. 13 (eds R. Mallada and M. Menendez), Membrane Science and Technology, Elsevier BV, Chapter 9 (ISSN... 

Giorno, L., De Bartolo, L. and Drioli, E. (2003) Membrane bioreactors for biotechnology and medical applications, in New Insight into Membrane Science and Technology Polymeric and Bifunctional Membranes (eds D. Bhattacharyya and D.A. Butterfield), Elsevier, Chapter 9, Oxford. 

Strathmann, H., Giorno, L. and Drioli, E. (2006) An introduction to membrane science and technology, CNR, Rome. 

The largest section is constituted by membranes in molecular separation, which is the most traditional application of membranes. Significant advances of membrane science and technologies are expected in transformation processes and membrane contactors for conventional and innovative applications. 

Membrane Science and Technology (Membrane Science and Technology, Vol. 4), Elsevier Science, Amsterdam. 

Noble, R. D., and Stern, S. A., eds. (1995, January). Membrane Separations Technology Principles and Applications, Membrane Science and Technology, Vol. 2, Elsevier Science, New York. 

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