Medical Department Activity

Definitive and restorative care Echelon V Medical centers, medical department activities, federal hospitals... 

The depot may be physically isolated and a considerable distance away from the Medical Center (MEDCEN) or Medical Department Activity (MEDDAC) responsible for providing medical support and consultation. The preventive/occupational medicine physicians are usually responsible for providing this support and are a source of information and guidance. Other governmental agencies have also been identified to assist medical personnel in acquiring solutions to unfamiliar medical problems related to chemical exposure (Exhibit 17-1). 

The Preventive or Occupational Medicine department of the supporting Medical Department Activity or Medical Center... 

With the supporting medical center or medical department activity... 

Blood specimens of approximately 5 mL were collected on two separate days during the week preceding the study. Additional blood specimens of approximately 5 mL each were collected approximately 24 and 48 hr after the start of the study. These blood specimens were drawn and assayed for plasma cholinesterase activity by personnel from the Michigan Division Medical Department of The Dow Chemical Company. 

The introduction of GCP has accelerated the need for quality control and quality assurance, particularly in the field of clinical research. Quality control is carried out by the staff who are responsible for the particular activity, working to SOPs that cover all the tasks under scrutiny. SOPs not only need to be written but must also be updated regularly. Quality assurance is the process which seeks to confirm that SOPs have been observed this is accomplished by the process of auditing. Internal audit departments should be under a separate management from the medical department. Regular audits can not only assure external bodies, such as regulatory authorities, that proper procedures have been followed, but also serve to deter those rare attempts at fraud on the part of clinical investigators, which occasionally become evident. ... 

In addition, any Field Sales instructions, Public Relations, Financial Analysts Statements and Press Releases should be reviewed for appropriateness and approved or modified. Such review will also involve both the Fegal and Regulatory Affair departments. Moreover, materials for medical liaison activities, communications to third party insurers and responses to other inquires should be reviewed prior to release. This is an important role, given the significance for the company and timeline pressures. 

The medical director is, of course, not only a senior pharmaceutical physician but a senior manager and needs to be fully conversant with all the issues facing the company and understand all the principles and procedures which govern its operation. Nowadays this will include personnel issues, such as awareness of the laws related to employment. Without this broad understanding, the medical director will not be able to lead the activities of the medical department in a way that is optimal for the organisation whilst maintaining all the required professional and ethical standards. 

Mason VR. Central pacific area. In Coates JB, ed. Activities of Medical Consultants. Vol 1. In Havens WP. Internal Medicine in World War II. Washington, DC US Department of the Army, Medical Department, Office of The Surgeon General 1961 Chap 7 647, 667. 

In September 1917, a Gas Defense Service, Sanitary Corps, Medical Department, was activated. This service, in which a group of forty-five chemists was commissioned, was placed in charge of training. In April 1918 the officers of the Gas Defense Service were transferred to the Corps of Engineers. See Report of the Director of Chemical Warfare Service, 1919, pp. 43-49. Hereafter cited as Rpt of CWS, with appropriate year. 

For a decade and a half following World War I there had been a Medical Division in OC CWS. But in 1932 General Gilchrist had eliminated this division, and thereafter CWS and the Medical Department maintained co-ordination solely through the medical research group at Edgewood Arsenal. Just prior to World War II, increased emphasis began to be placed on the medical aspects of gas warfare, and a Committee on the Treatment of Gas Casualties was set up within the National Research Council. Later, when the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) was activated, the work was also carried on by its various committees and subcommittees. The chemical warfare functions of the National Research... 

There are several published volumes which discuss the origin and activities of the Chemical Warfare Service in World Wat I. These include Benedict Crowell, America s Munitions, i ij-i iS (Washington GPO, 1919) Amos A. Fries and Clarence J. West, Chemical Warfare (New York McGraw Hill, 1921) and Medical Aspects of Gas Warfare, Volume XIV of the series MEDICAL DEPARTMENT OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE WORLD WAR (Washington GPO, 1926). Volumes XV and XVI of the series UNITED STATES ARMY IN THE WORLD WAR (Washington GPO, 1948), prepared by the Historical Division, Special Staff United States Army, contain data on the Chemical Warfare Service, American Expeditionary Forces (AEF). More valuable as a source of information is the official history of the Chemical Warfare Service, American Expeditionary Forces, a copy of which is on file in the Chemical Corps Historical Office. Especially useful in this history are the appendixes which ate copies of pertinent directives. On the organizational development of the Chemical Warfare Service in the zone of interior, the most fmitful sources of information are M. T. Bogert s and W. H. Walker s History of the Chemical Service Section, on file at the Technical Library, Army Chemical Center, Maryland, and the annual reports of the CWS for the years 1918, 1919, and 1920. The retired CWS files in the National Archives contain some important documents. 

Dohrenwend, Bruce P., Itzhak Levav, Patrick E. Shrout, Sharon Schwartz, Guedalia Naveh, Bruce G. Link, Andrew E. Skodol and Ann Stueve, Socioeconomic Status and Psychiatric Disorders The Causation-Selection Issue , Science 255, no. 5047 (1992) 946-52 Donaldson, Liam, At Least Five a Week Evidence on the Impact of Physical Activity and Its Relationship to Health. A Report from the Chief Medical Officer , Department of Health, 2004 Editorial, A Double-Edged Sword , Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 7 (2008) 275... 

Some of the world s foremost nutrition and medical researchers are now actively involved in developing a better understanding of the field which Dr. Williams pioneered. Rucker and Tinker from the University of California at Davis, Department of Nutrition, have described the role of nutrition in gene expression and its relationship to biochemical individuality as "a fertile field for the application of molecular biology. "6 It is now well known that significant biochemi-... 

The most direct way to help people manage the symptoms of nicotine dependence and withdrawal is therapeutic use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) (Fiore et al. 2000 Henningfleld 1995 American Psychiatric Association 1996). Nicotine has been shown to be the main active ingredient in tobacco that causes and sustains addiction to tobacco (US Department of Health and Human Services 1988). Laboratory research has demonstrated that animals (Goldberg et al. 1983) and humans (Henningfleld et al. 1983) who have been chronically exposed to nicotine or tobacco smoke will self-administer nicotine infusions. It should be noted that other constituents in tobacco, such as MAO inhibitors (Fowler et al. 1996a, b), may also play a role in tobacco dependence. The potential role of alkaloids other than nicotine has not been ruled out. This is consistent with the observations that what has been termed tobacco delivered nicotine is more addictive and toxic than formulations provided by nicotine replacement medications (Royal College of Physicians 2000). 

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