Chemical Service Section

With the advent of World War 1, Walker was called to form the Chemical Service Section of the army, building Edgewood Arsenal from grass roots. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal for his efforts. Returning to the Institute he ran the Division of Industrial Cooperation until he resigned in 1921 to return to private consulting. He died in an auto accident in 1934. 

As indicated earlier, the War Department set up a co-ordinating agency known as the Office of Gas Service in October 1917. This clearinghouse for chemical matters consisted of a director and representatives from the Ordnance and Medical Departments and from the Chemical Service Section of the National Army—a section established at the same time as the Gas Service with a principal mission of providing the AEF with a chemical laboratory. In February 1918 the Chemical Warfare Service and the Gas Division were joined in a move that failed to provide the administrative centralization and the prestige that could only come from the formation of an independent gas corps. This final step was taken bn 28 June 1918 with the creation of the Chemical Warfare Service, National Army, with Maj. Gen. William L. Sibert as director. 

Memo, CofS for TAG, i6 Oct 17, sub Gas Serv of Army. CWS 322,095/101-140. The section of this directive dealing with the establishment of the Chemical Service Section, National Army, also appears in War Department General Order 139, i November 1917. 

In addition to its research activities, the Chemical Service Section, from early 1918 until the end of the war, was called on more and more by the Ordnance Department for recommendations on the manufacture of gases at Edgewood Arsenal. Thus, while the purpose behind the Chemical Service Section was to co-ordinate without integrating and without disturbing functions of the statutory bureaus of the War Department, it was becoming evident that the system was developing serious defects. What was needed was... 

Marston T. Bogert and William H. Walker, History of the Chemical Service Section, Apps. C and D. This seven-page manuscript account, exclusive of appendixes, was written in 1919. H-131. 

In the spring of 1918 separate proposals were made both in the United States and in France to establish a gas corps. On 17 April Lt. Col. Marston T. Bogert, who had succeeded Colonel Walker as chief of the Chemical Service Section, recommended to the Chief of Staff that the section be replaced by a "chemical corps which would be on a "basis more nearly like that occupied by the Engineering and Medical branches of the Army. ... 

Memo, Bogert, Cml Setv Sec NA, for CofS USA, 17 Apr 18, sub Cml Serv Sec Pers. Bogert and Walker, History of the Chemical Service Section, App. C i. 

There are several published volumes which discuss the origin and activities of the Chemical Warfare Service in World Wat I. These include Benedict Crowell, America s Munitions, i ij-i iS (Washington GPO, 1919) Amos A. Fries and Clarence J. West, Chemical Warfare (New York McGraw Hill, 1921) and Medical Aspects of Gas Warfare, Volume XIV of the series MEDICAL DEPARTMENT OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE WORLD WAR (Washington GPO, 1926). Volumes XV and XVI of the series UNITED STATES ARMY IN THE WORLD WAR (Washington GPO, 1948), prepared by the Historical Division, Special Staff United States Army, contain data on the Chemical Warfare Service, American Expeditionary Forces (AEF). More valuable as a source of information is the official history of the Chemical Warfare Service, American Expeditionary Forces, a copy of which is on file in the Chemical Corps Historical Office. Especially useful in this history are the appendixes which ate copies of pertinent directives. On the organizational development of the Chemical Warfare Service in the zone of interior, the most fmitful sources of information are M. T. Bogert s and W. H. Walker s History of the Chemical Service Section, on file at the Technical Library, Army Chemical Center, Maryland, and the annual reports of the CWS for the years 1918, 1919, and 1920. The retired CWS files in the National Archives contain some important documents. 

Report of the Chemical Warfere Service, 1918, pp. 4-5. The annual reports of the CWS were also published as Report of the Direaor of the Chemical Warfare Service, Annual Report of the Chief of the Chemical Warfare Service, and Annual Report of the Chemical Warfare Service, all hereafter cited as Rpt of CWS, with appropriate year. (2) The Chemical Service Section is discussed at greater length in Leo P. Brophy and George J. B. Fisher, The Chemical Warfare Service Organizing for War, UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II (Washington, 1959), ch. I. 

Chemical Service Section, National Army, War Department... 

Floward G. Mcllvried, III, Ph.D., Senior Engineer, Burns and Roe Services Corporation, Federal Energy Technology Center (Pittsburgh), Member, American Chemical Society, American Institute of Chemical Engineers (Section 27, Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)... 

This chapter presents a concise overview of the present conventions in coordination nomenclature. Generally, the IUPAC rules and recommendations have been followed. For the cases where the IUPAC practices seemed to be out of date or incomplete, the author has drawn upon the vast expertise in nomenclature available at Chemical Abstracts Service. Sections 3.2.3 and 3.4 deal with ligand locant notation and the numbering of polynuclear complexes may be considered provisional. These concepts are still under active consideration in the various national and international nomenclature commissions and committees. The presentation is relatively brief, but it is hoped that the nomenclature principles are evident, especially when examples presented are closely... 

Many commercial current awareness services are available, and the most useful of these to the organometallic chemist is Current Contents. This consists of a weekly collection of photoreproduced contents pages of journals, together with a list of first author s addresses. The edition most likely to be consulted by the organometallic chemist is the Physical and Chemical Sciences section (originally separate Physical Sciences and Chemical Sciences editions). 

Data Services Section, Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Div., P.O. Box 25, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England SKIO 4TG... 

All Soviet Air Force units from headquarters down to company level have chemical warfare officers. A Chemical Biological and Radiological (CBR) section is attached to air bases. It is responsible for detecting CBR agents at airfields, for the decontamination of aircraft, runways, personnel and equipment and for training. The airfield technical services, under the administrative command of the Rear Services, provide personnel and material support for the CBR defence section. The office of the regimental Chief of Chemical Services, subordinate to the Chief of Chemical Troops, provides technical and training support for the CBR defence section."... 

By the end of 1943 the build-up in the ETO had reached a furious pace. All the CWS ETO supply installations and sections in the United Kingdom were firmly established and supplies, even the long-awaited toxic munitions, were coming in. In the SOS the base sections, the ports of debarkation, and selected general depots had working-strength chemical sections, and scarce chemical service units or detachments... 

Chart 4—Organization of Chemical Warfare Service Section, Headquarters. European Theater of Operations... 

---