Mechanisms environments

For a skeletal element to respond to its mechanical environment, the cells in the tissue must regulate their environment in response to the mechanical stimuli they receive. The regulatory process can be thought of as a feedback loop (Figure 7.5) in which the osteocyte senses the stimulus and... 

Glod G, W Angst, C Holliger and RP Schwartzenbach (1997) Corrinoid-mediated reduction of tetrachloro-ethene, trichloroethene, and trichlorofluoroethene in homogeneous solution reaction kinetics and reaction mechanisms. Environ Sci Technol 31 253-260. 

Weber R, S Yoshida, K Miwa (2002) PCB destruction in subcritical and supercritical water—evaluation of PCDF formation and initial steps of degradation mechanisms. Environ Sci Technol 36 1834-1844. 

Jaynes WF, Vance GF (1999) Sorption of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) compounds by hectorite clays exchanged with aromatic organic cations. Clays Clay Miner 47 358-365 Johnston CT, De Oliveira MF, Teppen BJ, Sheng G, Boyd SA (2001) Spectroscopic study of nitroaromatic-smectite sorption mechanisms. Environ Sci Technol 35 4767-4772... 

Sims, R.C.C. (1990) Fate of PAH compounds in soil loss mechanisms. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 9, 187-. 

Smith, D.R., S. Niemeyer, and A.R. Flegal. 1992. Lead sources to California sea otters industrial inputs circumvent natural lead biodepletion mechanisms. Environ. Res. 57 163-174. 

The first BioCD took its inspiration from the compact disc. The compact disc was invented in 1970 by Claus Campaan of Phillips Laboratory. The concept is purely digital and uses null interferometers that are far from quadrature, as appropriate for the readout of two binary intensity states. The interferometers were common-path and stable, as required for the mechanical environment of portable compact disc readers. The original BioCD used the same physics as the compact disc, but modified the on-disc microstructures to change from the digital readout to an analog readout that operated in quadrature for sensitive detection of surface-bound proteins7,8. Because the quadrature condition is established by diffraction off of microstructures on the disc, this is called the microdiffraction-class (MD-Class) of BioCD. 

El Fawal, H.A.N. et al., Neuroimmunotoxicology Humoral assessment of neurotoxicity and autoimmune mechanisms, Environ. Health Perspect 107, 767, 1999. 

Rao, T. and Richardson, B., Environmentally induced autoimmune diseases Potential mechanisms, Environ. Health Perspect., 107(Suppl. 5), 737, 1999. 

Li, L., Wang, L., Han, S., and Zhang. Z. Comparison of four methods of predicting newly measured octanol/water coefficients (log Ko ) for heterocyclic nitrogen compounds and the partition mechanism. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18(12) 2723-2728. 1999. 

Mascolo, G, Lopez, A., Foldenyi, R., Passino, R., and Tiravanti, G. Prometryne oxidation by sodium hypochlorite in aqueous solution kinetics and mechanism. Environ. Sci. Technol, 29(12) 2987-2991, 1995. 

Oyler, A.R., Llukkonen, R.J., Lukasewycz, M.T., Heikkila, K.E., Cox, D.A., and Carlson, R.M. Chlorine disinfection chemistry of aromatic compounds. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons rates, products, and mechanisms. Environ. Sci. Technol, 17(6) 334-342, 1983. 

Stemmier, K., Mengon, W., and Kerr, J.A. OH radical initiated photooxidation of 2-ethoxyethanol under laboratory conditions related to the troposphere product studies and proposed mechanism, Environ. Sci. Technol, 30(11) 3385-3391, 1996. 

Weber, E.J., Colon, D., and Baughman, G.L. Sediment-associated reactions of aromatic amines. 1. Elucidation of sorption mechanisms. Environ. Sci. Technol, 35(12) 2470-2475, 2001. 

Nghiem LD, Schafer AI, Elimelech M (2004) Removal of natural hormones by nanofiltration membranes measurement, modeling, and mechanisms. Environ Sci Technol 38 1888-1896... 

Choppin GR (2003) Actinide speciation in the environment. Radiochim Acta 91 645-649 Claus P (1998) Selective hydrogenation of a,P-unsaturated aldehydes and other C = O and C = C bonds containing compounds. Top Catal 5 51-62 Colon D, Weber EJ, Anderson JL, Winget P, Suarez LA (2006) Reduction of nitrobenzenes and N-hydroxylanilines by Fe(II) species Elucidation of the reaction mechanism. Environ Sci Technol 40 4449-4454... 

CMP processes also leave a metallic contamination typically in the 10"-10 at/cm range. These contaminants arise from the outcropping metals, the slurries, and the mechanical environment of the polishers. In front-end applications (STI), these levels are prohibited because they are not compatible with the following hot processes. In the case of back-end steps, these parasitic metals must be removed as well, even if this seems more paradoxical with the use of metallization steps. Indeed a large amount of charges at the interconnection level or the presence of mobile ions such as sodium or potassium can induce disturbances during the electrical information transfer. Furthermore, a superficial conductive metallic contamination can generate shorts between two adjacent lines by percolation conduction mechanism. And last but not least, fast diffusers such as copper can reach... 

Harley, R. A., A. G. Russell, and G. R. Cass, Mathematical Modeling of the Concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds Model Performance Using a Lumped Chemical Mechanism, Environ. Sci. Technol., 27, 1638-1649 (1993b). 

Chondrocytes surrounded by a layer of pericellular matrix (PCM) are called chondrons. Understanding the mechanical properties of the PCM is also important in investigating the biological responses of chondrocytes to mechanical stimulation since PCM determines the mechanical environment of the chondrocytes, and may serve as a transducer to... 

Elcombe CR, Mitchell AM. 1986. Peroxisome proliferation due to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) Species differences and possible mechanisms. Environ Health Perspect 70 211-219. 

Weber EJ. Iron-mediated reductive transformations investigation of reaction mechanism. Environ Sci Technol 1996 30 716-719. 

Yang J-K, Davis AP. Photocatalytic Oxidation of Cu(II)-EDTA with illuminated Ti02 mechanisms. Environ Sci Technol 2000 34 3796-801. 

Xing B, Pignatello JJ (1996) Time-dependent isotherm of organic compounds in soil organic matter implications for sorption mechanism. Environ Toxicol Chem 15(8) 1282-1288... 

Zhou, M., Dai, Q., Lei, L., Ma, C. and Wang, D. (2005), Long life modified lead dioxide anode for organic wastewater treatment Electrochemical characteristics and degradation mechanism. Environ. Sci. Technol., 39(1) 363-370. 

Nimlos MR, Jacoby WA, Blake DM, Milne TA (1993) Direct Mass Spectrometric Studies of the Destruction of Hazardous Wastes. 2. Gas-Phase Photocatalytic Oxidation of Trichloroethylene over Ti02 Products and Mechanisms, Environ. Sci. Technol. 27 rn-TAO. 

Zhu, X. and M. Elimelech (1997). Colloidal fouling of reverse osmosis membranes Measurements and fouling mechanisms. Environ. Science Technol. 31, 12, 3654-3662. 

RaoT, Richardson B Environmentally Induced autoimmune diseases potential mechanisms. Environ Health Perspect 1999 107 SuppI 5 737-42. 

Shugart, L. and Theodorakis, C. (1994) Environmental genotoxicity probing the underlying mechanisms. Environ. Health Perspect., 102 (Suppl. 12), 13-17. 

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