Electrolytic thinning

Button cells consist of cathode and anode cans (used as the terminals), powdered zinc anode, containing gelled electrolyte and the corrosion inhibitor, separator with electrolyte, thin (0.5 mm) carbon cathode with catalyst and PTFE, waterproof gas-permeable (teflon) layer and air distribution layer for the even air assess over the cathode surface. Parameters of battery depend on the air transfer rate, which is determined by quantity and diameters of air access holes or porosity of the gas-diffusion membrane. Air-zinc batteries at low rate (J=0,002-0,01C at the idle drain and J= 0,02-0,04C at the peak continuous current) have flat discharge curves (typical curve is shown by Figure 1). 

Fleury and coworkers showed that cellular electrokineitc flow occurs under some conditions at the tips of the branches in the binary-electrolyte thin-layer experiments [37, 38], They constructed a model based on point charges at the growth tips to account for the shape of the induced convection cells. The streamlines of these cells form arcs between adjacent branches. By comparing deposits formed under an electrokineitc regime with deposits formed under a free-convection regime, Barkey et al. 

Oliveira, M. C. E Azevedo, M. Cunha, A. 2002. A voltammetric study of the electrodeposition of CuInSe2 in a citrate electrolyte. Thin Solid Films 405 129-134. 

Thermal spray, laser deposition, physical vapor deposition, and magnetron sputtering are physical processes that are used for fabrication of electrolyte thin films. Sputtering is a reliable technique for film deposition and is being used in industry... 

Yakovleva NM, Anicai E, Yakovlev AN, Dima E, Khanina EY, Buda M, Ghupakhina EA (2002) Structural study of anodic films formed on aluminum in nitric acid electrolyte. Thin Solid Pilms 416 16-23... 

Lee JM, KimSH, Tak Y, Yoon YS. Study on the LLT solid electrolyte thin film with LiPON interlayer intervening between LLT and electrodes. J Power Sources. 2006 163(1) 173-9. 

Processes with common current densities cause de-tectable changes of the product/educt concentra-tion in the electrolyte (thin film cells). 

Fig. 30. Packing density versus electrode potential at a given orientation in various supporting electrolytes. , n2-orientation , transition region (HQ concentrations were 0.36,0.36, 0.25, and 0.37 mM in HCIO, H2SO., H 1PO, and CsCIO, respectively) , nK-orientation. The solid lines simply connect experimental points and do not assume any theoretical curve. Bottom figures thin-layer cyclic current potential curves for clean Pt electrode in the respective supporting electrolytes. Thin-layer volume, V 3.29/il electrode surface area, A = 1.16cm2 rate of potential sweep, r = 2.00 mV s 1 temperature, T = 23 t 1°C. The average standard deviation in T was 1 3% below 1 mM and l 6% above 1 mM. Reprinted from ref. 61.

Yan, J.W., Lu, Z.G., Jiang, Y., Dong, Y.L., Yu, C.Y., and Li, W.Z., Fabrication and testing of a doped lanthanum gallate electrolyte thin-film solid oxide fuel cell. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2002, 149, A1132-A1135. 

Three methods of final thinning are described here electrolytic thinning for metal specimens that are good electric conductors, ion milling for metal and ceramic specimens, and ultramicrotome cutting for polymeric and biological specimens. 

Shivagan DD, Dale PJ, SamantiHeke AP et al (2007) Electrodeposition of chalcopyrite films from ionic liquid electrolytes. Thin Solid Films 515 5899-5905... 

Z. Xu, S. Yarmolenko, and J. Saukar, Preparation and properties of YSZ electrolyte thin films via liquid fuel combustion chemical vapor deposition. Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc., 2001, v.23, p. 711-718. 

The addition of small amounts of electrolyte thin the material immediately, indicating that the sols have not... 

Preparation of SDC electrolyte thin films on dense and porous substrates by modified sol-gel route. Materials Sciences and Engineering B, Vol. 148, No. 1-3, (25 February 2008), pp. (73-76), ISSN 0921-5107... 

Yoon, Y. S., W. I. Cho, J. H. Lim, and D. J. Choi. 2001. Solid-state thin-film supercapacitor with ruthenium oxide and solid electrolyte thin films. Journal of Power Sources 101 126-129. 

Ranran P, Yan W, Lizhai Y and Zongqiang M (2006), Electrochemical properties of intermediate-temperature SOFCs based on proton conducting Sm-doped BaCeOj electrolyte thin film . Solid State Ionics, 177,389-393. 

Fulop T, Bekele C, Landau U, Angus J, Kash K (2004) Electrodeposition of polycrystalline InSb from aqueous electrolytes. Thin Solid Films 449 1... 

FIGURE 5.11. Cells for gas/liquid systems, (a) trickle tower cell, p.a. = Porous anode p.c. = porous cathode, d = distributor, b = bipolar electrodes, e = electrolyte thin film flow, s = separator (b) sieve plate cell. 

Karageorgakis NI, Heel A, Rupp JLM, Aguirre MH, Graule T, GaucklerLJ (2011) Properties of flame sprayed Ceo.8Gdo.2O1.9 8 electrolyte thin films. Adv Funct Mater 21(3) 532-539... 

Schichtel N, Koite C, Hesse D, Janek J (2009) Elastic strain at interfaces and its influence on ionic conductivity in nanoscaled solid electrolyte thin fihns-theoretical considerations and experimental studies. Phys Oiem Oiem Phys ll(17) 3043-3048... 

The preparation methods used to study the morphology of bulk polymers differ from the methods used for inorganic materiais. The usual methods applied to inorganics, chemical or electrolytic thinning, are not applicabie to poiymers because... 

J.B. Bates, N.J. Dudney, G.R. Gmzalsld, R.A. Zuhr,A. Choudhury, C.F. Luck,J.D. Robertson, Electrical properties of amorphous lithium electrolyte thin films. Solid State Ionics 53-56, 647-654 (1992)... 

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