Mechanical regulator

The Th-1 /Th-2 paradigma forms a core mechanism regulating the nature of an immune response. More recently, this concept was further developed by identifying Th-subsets with predominantly suppressing properties, T-regulatory cells (Treg). These cells also play a major role in keeping those cells at rest, which have escaped central tolerance (peripheral self tolerance). 

The localization of transporter molecules on the cell surface is dynamic rather than constitutive, such that transport capacity may be adapted to neuronal activity. Obviously, the mechanisms regulating uptake are of principal importance in pharmacology just as pharmacological transport inhibitors can regulate the density of transporters. 

SM, Wetsel RA, Yao Z, Martin R, Hamzeh N, Adelagun R, Amar S, Kheradmand F, Corry DB A new mechanism regulating the initiation of allergic airway inflammation. J Allergy Chn Immunol 2007 29 120 334-342. 

Metabolic Hormonal Mechanisms Regulate the Concentration of the Blood Glucose... 

SHORT- LONG-TERM MECHANISMS REGULATE LIPOGENESIS... 

Holm C et al Molecular mechanisms regulating hormone sensitive lipase and lipolysis. Annu Rev Nutr 2000 20 365. 

Figure 7.5. Feedback diagram for skeletal mechanical regulation. When forces are applied to a whole bone, the stimulus that results is sensed by the bone cells in the tissue. The sensor cells then signal bone-forming and -removing cells to change the geometry and material properties of the bone.

MCMINN J E, BASKIN D G and SCHWARTZ M w (2000) Neutoendocrine mechanisms regulating food intake and body weight. Obes Rev. 1 (1) 37-46. 

FIG. 2 Mechanisms of drug transfer in the cellular layers that line different compartments in the body. These mechanisms regulate drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. The figure illustrates these mechanisms in the intestinal wall. (1) Passive transcellular diffusion across the lipid bilayers, (2) paracellular passive diffusion, (3) efflux by P-glycoprotein, (4) metabolism during drug absorption, (5) active transport, and (6) transcytosis [251]. 

Nurse, P. (1990). Universal control mechanism regulating onset of M-phase. Nature 344 503-508. 

Nurse P 1990 Universal control mechanism regulating onset of M-phase. Nature 344 503-508 Pei L, Melmed S 1997 Isolation and characterization of a pituitary tumor-transforming gene (.PTTG). Mol Endocrinol 11 433-441... 

List functions and describe mechanisms regulating release of hormones from the neurohypophysis... 

Explain how the following mechanisms regulate activity of the digestive system intrinsic nerve plexuses, extrinsic autonomic nerves, and gastrointestinal hormones... 

Baghdoyan, H. A. (1997). Cholinergic mechanisms regulating REM sleep. In Sleep Science Integrating Basic Research and Clinical Practice, ed. W. J. Schwartz. Basle S. Karger Publishing. 

Riegel, A.C. and Lupica, C.R., Independent presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms regulate endocan-nabinoid signaling at multiple synapses in the ventral tegmental area, J. Neurosci., 24, 11070, 2004. 

Gilman, C. P. and Mattson, M. P. Do apoptotic mechanisms regulate synaptic plasticity and growth cone motility. Neuromolecular Med. 2 197-214, 2002. 

Lewcock, ]. W. and Reed, R. R. A feedback mechanism regulates monoallelic odorant receptor expression. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci USA 101 1069-1074, 2004. 

Stein GS, Lian JB, Stein JL, van Wijnen AJ, Frenkel B, Montecino M (1996) Mechanism regulating osteoblast and proliferation. In Bilezikian JP, Raisz LG, Rodan GA (eds) Principles of bone biology. Academic, New York, pp 69-86... 

If we think about it for a bit, quorum sensing as a mechanism regulating the production of virulence factors makes good sense for the bacterial population. If the bacterial population is too low, secretion of virulence factors would seem to be of little use too few bacteria secreting too few virulence factor molecules to serve whatever purpose these serve for the bacteria. It would seem better to wait until the bacterial forces have massed, then release the virulence factors and have some real impact. 

Hsieh GC, Hollingsworth PR, Martino B, Chang R, TerranovaMA, O Neill AB, Lynch JJ, Moreland RB, Donnelly-Roberts DL, Kolasa T, Mikusa JP, McVey JM, Marsh KC, Sullivan JP, Brioni JD. (2004) Central mechanisms regulating penile erection in conscious rats The dopaminergic systems related to the proerectile effect of apomorphine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 308 330-338. 

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