Mechanisms of gene regulation

Russo, V., Martienssen, R., and Riggs, A. (1996) Epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation. Cold Spring Harbor, NY Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. 

HATs catalyze the post-translational acetylation of amino-terminal lysine tails of core histones, which results in disruption of the repressive chromatin folding and an increased DNA accessibility to regulatory proteins. The level of histone acetylation is highly controlled and balanced by the activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs), the opponents of HATs. Generally, acetylation is correlated with activation and deacetylation with repression of gene expression. Therefore, the dynamic equilibrium of these proteins represents a key mechanism of gene regulation. 

A crucial clue to the mechanism of gene regulation was the observation that two other proteins are synthesized in concert with P-galactosidase—namely, galactoside permease and thiogalactoside transacetylase. The permease is required for the transport of lactose across the bacterial cell membrane. The transacetylase is not essential for lactose metabolism but appears to play a role in the detoxification of compounds that also may be transported by the permease. Thus, the... 

Nuclear hormone receptors also include regions that interact with components ot the mediator complex. Thus, two mechanisms of gene regulation can work in concert. Modification of histones and chromatin remodeling can open up regions of chromatin into which the transcription complex can be recruited through protein- protein interactions. 

Davidson, E.H. 1991. Spatial mechanisms of gene regulation in metazoan embryos. Development 113, 1-26. 

Steinhoff FU, Suess B (2003) Molecular mechanisms of gene regulation studied by site-directed spin labeling. Methods 29 188-195... 

I have used such an approach In an attempt to answer the question, why positive and negative mechanisms of gene regulation In what follows I shall not be concerned with the mathematical methods per se. Instead, my approach will be to outline the principal steps In the development of the theory and then emphasize the most Importamt results. 

Protein arrays have been employed for studying biomolecular interactions including antibody specificity, mechanism of gene regulation, and... 

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