Maximum amplitude

The status bar displays information about the current status of the acquisition system the position of each of the four axes of the probe position monitor the maximum amplitude of the signal within the gate for both the coupling channel and the signal (flaw detection) channel and the current operating mode of the system, which may be record-... 

A two-dimensional slice may be taken either parallel to one of the principal co-ordinate planes (X-Y, X-Z and Y-Z) selected from a menu, or in any arbitrary orientation defined on screen by the user. Once a slice through the data has been taken, and displayed on the screen, a number of tools are available to assist the operator with making measurements of indications. These tools allow measurement of distance between two points, calculation of 6dB or maximum amplitude length of a flaw, plotting of a 6dB contour, and textual aimotation of the view. Figure 11 shows 6dB sizing and annotation applied to a lack of fusion example. 

One can see that if/c has a strong effect on CCF for both types of pulses. Variations ol if/c change not only CCF maximum amplitude, but the sign of it. The CIF dependence on tf/c has iterative character with cycle 2n. 

CCF dependences on the -factor of loaded probe vibrators are shown in Fig.4. For s(l) pulses growth of 2 factor increase CCF maximum amplitude and selectivity. In this case the higher the Q, the longer the pulse duration and the more its periods contribute to the processing. F or q(t) pulses rising of g-factor decrease CCF maximum amplitudes and reduce the selectivity. As q(l) pulse consists of a few first periods only its maximum amplitude depends on Q. the higher the Q, the lower the final pulse amplitude, and therefore, CCF amplitude and selectivity. 

The software also hosts a maximum amplitude function which ensures that the signal with the largest amplitude is stored for each point. This function also guarantees that such a signal is not written over by a following scan producing a lower amplitude signal at the same point. 

D(co) = 7t(co)/ao J(c ) = maximum amplitude all have storage (single prime) and loss (double prime) components... 

In this case, Oq is the maximum amplitude of the stress. The solution to this differential equation will give a functional description of the strain in this dynamic experiment. In the following example, we examine the general solution to this differential equation. 

Eq is the maximum amplitude of the field, since the cosine factor which modifies it oscillates between - 1 and +1. 

M = magnitude of the earthquake A = maximum amplitude, as recorded by the Wood Anderson seismograph in microns at a distance of 100 km from the epicentre. 

The significance of this term can be realized by the fact that the voltage stress of a surge, having a maximum amplitude of 4.5 p.u.. with a front time / of 5 ps. will roughly be the same or even less severe compared to a surge with an amplitude of only 2 p.u. and a front time of 0.2 ps (see Insulation Sub-committee. Rotating Machinery Committee, 1981). 

From Equation (17-4), one will find that the phase lag is a function of the relative rotating speed lu/lu and the damping factor (See Figure 17-1.) The force direction is not the same as the maximum amplitude. Thus, for maximum benefit, the correction weight must be applied opposite to the force direction. 

Flexible rotors are designed to operate at speeds above those corresponding to their first natural frequencies of transverse vibrations. The phase relation of the maximum amplitude of vibration experiences a significant shift as the rotor operates above a different critical speed. Hence, the unbalance in a flexible rotor cannot simply be considered in terms of a force and moment when the response of the vibration system is in-line (or in-phase) with the generating force (the unbalance). Consequently, the two-plane dynamic balancing usually applied to a rigid rotor is inadequate to assure the rotor is balanced in its flexible mode. 

The three signals are fed into an oscilloscope as vertical-, horizontal-, and external-intensity marker input. The keyphazor appears as a bright spot on the screen. In cases where the orbit obtained is completely circular, the maximum amplitude of vibration occurs in the direction of the keyphazor. To estimate the magnitude of the correction mass, a trial-and-error process is initiated. With the rotor perfectly balanced, the orbit finally shrinks to a... 

The power dissipated in an AC circuit with current of maximum amplitude flowing through a resistance is less than the power produced by a constant DC current of magnitude flow ing through the same resistance. For a sinusoidal AC current, the root mean square (rms) value of current I is the magnitude of the DC current producing the same power as the AC current with maximum amplitude I. The rms value I is given by... 

Expertise required to operate One of the objectives for using microprocessor-based predictive maintenance systems is to reduce the expertise required to acquire error-free, useful vibration and process data from a large population of machinery and systems within a plant. The system should not require user input to establish maximum amplitude, measurement bandwidths, filter settings, or allow free-form data input. All of these functions force the user to be a trained analyst and will increase both the cost and time required to routinely acquire data from plant equipment. Many of the microprocessors on the market provide easy, menu-driven measurement routes that lead the user through the process of acquiring accurate data. The ideal system should require a single key input to automatically acquire, analyze, alarm and store all pertinent data from plant equipment. This type of system would enable an unskilled user to quickly and accurately acquire all of the data required for predictive maintenance. 

Here the critical wavelength ACT = 2n/k is thought to represent the minimum value of pit diameter. Some values of ka are shown in Table 1. From Eq. (80), the maximum amplitude factor is written by... 

Then the reciprocal of the maximum amplitude factor, r l/Pmax is thought to express the induction time for pit generation. Some calculated values are shown in Table 2. 

The detector noise is defined as the maximum amplitude of the combined short and long term noise, measured in millivolts, over a period of fifteen minutes. If a column 4.5 mm i.d. is employed, a flow rate of 1 ml/min is appropriate. The flow rate should be adjusted appropriately for columns of different diameters. The value for the detector noise should be obtained by constructing parallel lines embracing the maximum excursions of the recorder trace over the defined time period as shown in figure 4. The distance between the parallel lines measured in millivolts is taken as the noise level. 

The measured results [9] show that there in SCISR under the conditions of mo=0.25-0,3 m-s exists strong pressure fluctuation. The frequency is concentrated round lOOO Hz and the maximum amplitude of up to 1.58 kPa, implying conversion of energy from. 

The linear visco-elastic range ends when the elastic modulus G starts to fall off with the further increase of the strain amplitude. This value is called the critical amplitude yi This is the maximum amplitude that can be used for non-destructive dynamic oscillation measurements... 

Aji/Ak. At the points of maximum amplitude, the two original plane waves interfere constructively. At the nodes in Figure 1.2(a), the two original plane waves interfere destructively and cancel each other out. 

Figure 1.5 shows the real part of the plane wave exp[i(A ox — coot)] with its amplitude modulated by B(x, t) of equation (1.20). The plane wave moves in the positive x-direction with phase velocity Uph equal to o)o/ko. The maximum amplitude occurs at x = v t and propagates in the positive x-direction with group velocity Ug equal to (dm/dA )o. 

As time increases from —oo to 0, the half width of the wave packet y(x, t) continuously decreases and the maximum amplitude continuously increases. At t = 0 the half width attains its lowest value of flja and the maximum amplitude attains its highest value of 1 /a/2, and both values are in agreement with the wave packet in equation (1.20). As time increases from 0 to oo, the half width continuously increases and the maximum amplitude continuously decreases. Thus, as f- increases, the wave packet y(x, t) remains gaussian in shape, but broadens and flattens out in such a way that the area under the square y(x, t) of the wave packet remains constant over time at a value of (2-y/ a), in agreement with ParsevaTs theorem (1.18). 

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