Force generation

Live and dead loads generate hoop forces in the area of the roof-to-sheU junction for a tank having a cone roof. For dead loads plus Hve loads, the roof-to-sheU junction is assumed to carry most of the tensile forces generated. The minimum area required is computed assuming that the membrane force transmitted to the roof-to-sheU junction varies with the sine of the angle of the roof ... 

The angular off-center position used with fluidfoil units is usually limited to impellers delivering 2.2 kW (3 bp) or less. The unbalanced fluid forces generated by this mounting can become severe with higher power. 

Another process involves explosive bonding. The corrosion-resistant metal is bonded to a steel backing metal by the force generated by properly positioned explosive charges. Relatively thick sections of metal can be bonded by this technique into plates. 

E = applied voltage, V V = counterelectromotive force (generated voltage), V R = armature resistance, H I = armature current, A k = constant dependent on motor design n = speed, r/min ( ) = magnetic-field flux... 

Momentum equation for a caloricaly and thermally perfect gas, and one in which the radial and axial velocities do not contribute to the forces generated on the rotor the Adiabatic Energy (ifad) per unit mass is given as follows (Euler Turbine Equation) ... 

Huxley, A.F., Simmons, R. Proposed mechanism of force generation in striated muscle. Nature 233 533-538, 1971. 

The sliding vane compressor consists of a single rotor mounted eccentrically in a cylinder slightly larger than the rotor. The rotor has a series of radial slots that hold a set of vanes. The vanes are free to move radially within the rotor slots. They maintain contact with the cylinder wall by centrifugal force generated as the rotor turns. 

Hydrostatic pressure Force generated by a fluid at rest, directed perpendic-... 

Meyhofer, E., and Howard, J., 1995. The force generated by a single kinesin molecnle against an elasdc load. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 92 574-578. 

If electron flow between the electrodes is toward the sample half-cell, reduction occurs spontaneously in the sample half-cell, and the reduction potential is said to be positive. If electron flow between the electrodes is away from the sample half-cell and toward the reference cell, the reduction potential is said to be negative because electron loss (oxidation) is occurring in the sample halfcell. Strictly speaking, the standard reduction potential, is the electromotive force generated at 25°C and pH 7.0 by a sample half-cell (containing 1 M concentrations of the oxidized and reduced species) with respect to a reference half-cell. (Note that the reduction potential of the hydrogen half-cell is pH-dependent. The standard reduction potential, 0.0 V, assumes 1 MH. The hydrogen half-cell measured at pH 7.0 has an of —0.421 V.)... 

Accetefometers. Accelerometers measure the force generated by acceleration according to Newton s law ... 

So far, we have explained the effects of atmospheric pressure on liquids and how external forces are distributed through liquids. Let us now focus our attention on forces generated by the weight of liquids themselves. To do this, we must first discuss density, specific gravity and Pascal s law. 

The force acting on the left side of the piston is equal to 20 psi X 6in or 120 pounds. The opposing force generated by the right side of the piston is 20 psi x 4in or 80 pounds. Therefore, there is a net unbalanced force of 40 pounds (120 — 80) acting the right, and the piston will move in that direction. 

One of the outstanding features of fluid power systems is that force, generated by the power supply, controlled and directed by suitable valving, and transported by lines, can be converted with ease to almost any kind of mechanical motion. Either linear or rotary motion can be obtained by using a suitable actuating device. 

The vibration profile that results from motion is the result of a force imbalance. By definition, balance occurs in moving systems when all forces generated by, and acting on, the machine are in a state of equilibrium. In real-world applications, however, there is always some level of imbalance and all machines vibrate to some extent. This section discusses the more common sources of vibration for rotating machinery, as well as for machinery undergoing reciprocating and/or linear motion. 

Mechanical imbalance is not the only form of imbalance that affects rotating elements. It is the condition where more weight is on one side of a centerline of a rotor than on the other. In many cases, rotor imbalance is the result of an imbalance between centripetal forces generated by the rotation. The source of rotor vibration also can be an imbalance between the lift generated by the rotor and gravity. 

Like rotating machinery, the vibration profile generated by reciprocating and/or linear motion machines is the result of mechanical movement and forces generated by the components that are part of the machine. Vibration profiles generated by most reciprocating and/or linear motion machines reflect a combination of rotating and/or linear motion forces. 

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