Materials selection package

An important selection of materials to packaging, particularly food, is based on the permeability of the materials to oxygen, water vapor, and, in the case of packaging bananas, to ethylene gas that is used to artificially ripen the bananas. Selective permeability provides chemical separations, one of the most interesting of which is the use of PTFE materials to separate the hexafluorides of the different isotopes of uranium. 

GE E-seminars (http //www. ge-plastics.com/resins/designsolutiony seminar/) GE s virtual conference center offers the ability to interact with GE Plastics real-time in live on-line conferences. E-Seminar examples include Material Selection, which provides the attendee with the knowledge, skills and competencies to determine how application requirements influence the material specification process and Materials for Single-Use Microwave Food Packaging, which reviews trends in the growing Freezer-to-Microwave Food Packaging industry. 

The CORE-SOFC Project was designed to improve the durability of planar SOFC systems to a level acceptable for commercial operation. The work focuses mainly on materials selection for interconnects, contact layers and protective coatings to minimise corrosion between metallic and ceramic parts to achieve reliable and thermally-cyclable SOFCs. In all work packages, cells and stacks will be analysed by advanced chemical and ceramographic methods. 

For many plants that supply a pan-continental market, pallet sizes are often a source of complexity because collated primary packs are not modular for the whole pallet range. Within Europe it is not unusual for multiple retail outlets to specify the minimum pallet utilisation level to be achieved. It is interesting that many drinks carton dimensions have been chosen to be modular, and this should also be done for other pack formats. By taking secondary packaging into account early in the packaging design and material selection process, a speedier and more economical result will be achieved. 

The various chapters in this book address the topics of material selection, characterization and evaluation as well as membrane preparation, characterization and evaluation. At the expense of neglecting membranes for applications such as controlled release and impermeable barriers, this book focuses on synthetic membranes for separation processes as well as active membranes and conductive membranes. While many of the concepts developed herein can be extrapolated to other applications, the Interested reader is referred elsewhere for specific details (for example, controlled release (25-30), coating and packaging barriers (31-33), contact lenses (34,35), devolatilization (36), ion-selective membrane electrodes (37-42) and membranes in electrochemical power sources (43)). 

Currently, there is no unique solution to lead-free C4 material that is available at this time. Based on the above discussions, it is anticipated that the selection of lead-free solder for C4s will be dictated by the interconnect materials in the chip and by the selected packaging solution. Therefore, the lead-free C4 material selection is expected to be application-specific. 

The tendency to have a pack component specification which is all-embracing is also changing. A simpler procedure utilises a series of information documents which lay out the procedures that a supplier has to follow for selective package forms, i.e. glass bottles, plastic bottles, laminates, labels, collapsible tubes, etc. It is then possible to have an abbreviated specification document which covers critical, major and minor defect classifications, advice on delivery and identification, and basic information on the material to be employed, etc. The specification therefore cross-references to its respective information (component manual) document and becomes considerably simplified in terms of both layout and detail. This is particularly important now that specifications are being computerised in conjunction with stock control and purchasing. 

Pack—material selection for the packaging of toiletry and cosmetic products, CPA, USA, August 1991. 

Care should be exercised when selecting packaging materials. They should have no detrimental effect on the substance, and should give adequate protection against external influence and potential contamination. 

Step 1—Selection of Scenarios/Issues for Evaluation This step should be in alignment with the scope of the QRA and includes defining the modes of transport, hazardous material movements, package designs, and routes or route segments that will be evaluated or compared. 

Select package materials. Together with mechanical properties, permeability values for Oj, COj, Nj, HjO and organic vapors, as applicable, should be used to determine the best performance/cost ratio for specific package materials. Tables and charts of permeability values can help the packaging professional in the selection. A word of caution most values of P are approximate values and there is no substitute for the experimentally determined value of P. 

The selected packaging, the Excel bag, is shown in Figure 7.1. The Excel material is a polypropylene (PP)-based multilayer film, including a polyester ether outer layer and a styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) tie layer. A natural rubber (NR) stopper is present at the port system of the Excel bag. 

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