Materials Dispersion Apparatus

Todd, P. Sounding Rocket Experiments in Biotechnology Using Materials Dispersion Apparatus. Final Report, Contract No. H8057B, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, 1989. 

The mortar with pestle is a hand operated milling (pulverising), mixing and dispersing apparatus. The mortar is used for the preparation of ointments, creams, emulsions, suspensions, gels, pastes, solutions, triturations and granulates up to a scale that reasonably can be processed by hand. The brass of bronze mortar is also used for crushing plant materials. 

Coarse 40-60 Filtration of coarse materials. Gas dispersion, gas washing, gas absorption. Mercury filtration. For extraction apparatus. 

Flammability = 4, ie, very flammable gas, very volatile, and materials that in the form of dusts or mists form explosive mixtures when dispersed in air Health = 2, ie, hazardous to health, but may be entered freely with self-contained breathing apparatus Reactivity = 0, ie, is normally stable when under fire-exposure conditions and is not reactive with water... 

The analysis demonstrates the elegant use of a very specific type of column packing. As a result, there is no sample preparation, so after the serum has been filtered or centrifuged, which is a precautionary measure to protect the apparatus, 10 p.1 of serum is injected directly on to the column. The separation obtained is shown in figure 13. The stationary phase, as described by Supelco, was a silica based material with a polymeric surface containing dispersive areas surrounded by a polar network. Small molecules can penetrate the polar network and interact with the dispersive areas and be retained, whereas the larger molecules, such as proteins, cannot reach the interactive surface and are thus rapidly eluted from the column. The chemical nature of the material is not clear, but it can be assumed that the dispersive surface where interaction with the small molecules can take place probably contains hydrocarbon chains like a reversed phase. 

A simple and largely applied method for foam formation is dispersion of gas through porous plates (filters) placed at the lower parts of foam generation apparatus [5-10], This method is employed in flotation, in gas adsorption and dust collection in set-up with turbulent gas emulsion, and in the equipment for foam separation. The dispersity of a foam thus obtained depends on filter pore size or capillary diameter, hydrophility of the material used in the dispersion device construction, physicochemical properties of the foaming solution (surface tension, viscosity, surfactant concentration, etc.) and conditions of the dispersion process. 

A Schlenk apparatus was charged with the briefly sonicated Step 1 product dispersed in DMSO and treated with the drop wise addition of 10 ml of a lOmM solution of Wilkinson s complex in DMSO. The reaction mixture was stirred at 55°C to 60°C for 80 hours and filtered through a 0.2 pm nylon membrane. Dissolved tubes were precipitated out by treating the solution with saturated brine. The precipitated material was purified by filtering over a 0.2 pm nylon membrane and washing in DMSO, ethanol, and water. 

HCN is lighter than air and has a long half-life in air. However, in open spaces, HCN is rapidly dispersed and is diluted to nontoxie concentrations. Cyanide does not bind to soil or plant material, but can mix with water. Contaminated water can be treated with ozone, hydrogen peroxide, or ealeium/sodium hypochlorite bleach. Rescue personnel should wear boots, gloves, goggles, Ml protective clothes, and a self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus as the potential for secondary contamination is high (AAR, 2000). 

Drop stabilization methods rely on the immediate stabilization of drops by encapsulation with thin polymer films or surfactants [219-221] a photomicrographic method has been employed usually after encapsulation of drops. However this method cannot always be used due to incompatibility of the encapsulating materials with some systems. The method also has the disadvantage of the influence of the chemical treatment on drop size. A special sampling apparatus has been developed to withdraw a sample of dispersed phase from the mixing vessel to stabilize drops with a surfactant and to force the dispersed sample through a capillary with a photometer assembly to measure both droplet size and concentration [222]. 

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