Mass spectrometry pharmaceutical applications

Zhao,Y., Sandra, P.,Woo, G.,Thomas, S., Gahm, K., Semin, D. High-throughput drug discovery applications for supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry, Pharmaceut. Discov., 2005, 5, 30, 32, 34,36, 38-41. 

See also Clinical Analysis Sample Handling. Derivatization of Analytes. Forensic Sciences Systematic Drug Identification Thin-Layer Chromatography. Fourier Transform Techniques. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Forensic Applications. Immunoassays, Applications Clinical Forensic. Liquid Chromatography Normal Phase Reversed Phase. Spectrophotometry Pharmaceutical Applications. 

See also Bioassays Overview. Drug Metabolism Metabolite Isolation and Identification. Infrared Spectroscopy Ovenriew. Liquid Chromatography Liquid Chromatography-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry Pharmaceutical Applications. Mass Spectrometry ... 

Brown, M.A., Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Applications in Agricultural, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Chemistry, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998. 

Martinez Bueno MJM, Agiiera A, Gomez MJ, Hernando MD, Garcia JE, Fernandez-Alba AR (2007) Application of liquid chromatography/quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry and time-of-flight mass spectrometry to the determination of pharmaceuticals and related contaminants in wastewaters. Anal Chem 79 9372-9384... 

Modern spectroscopy plays an important role in pharmaceutical analysis. Historically, spectroscopic techniques such as infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS) were used primarily for characterization of drug substances and structure elucidation of synthetic impurities and degradation products. Because of the limitation in specificity (spectral and chemical interference) and sensitivity, spectroscopy alone has assumed a much less important role than chromatographic techniques in quantitative analytical applications. However, spectroscopy offers the significant advantages of simple sample preparation and expeditious operation. 

R.D. Voyksner, C.S. Smith and P.C. Knox, Optimization and application of particle beam high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry to compounds of pharmaceutical interest, Biomed. Environ. Mass Spectrom., 19 (1990) 523-534. 

CEC is a miniaturized separation technique that combines capabilities of both interactive chromatography and CE. In Chapter 17, the theory of CEC and the factors affecting separation, such as the stationary phase and mobile phase, are discussed. The chapter focuses on the preparation of various types of columns used in CEC and describes the progress made in the development of open-tubular, particle-packed, and monolithic columns. The detection techniques in CEC, such as traditional UV detection and improvements made by coupling with more sensitive detectors like mass spectrometry (MS), are also described. Furthermore, some of the applications of CEC in the analysis of pharmaceuticals and biotechnology products are provided. 

Lane, S. J., Boughtflower, R., Paterson, C., and Underwood, T. (1995). Capillary electrochromatography mass-spectrometry — principles and potential for application in the pharmaceutical-industry. 

Hamdan, M. (1997). Pharmaceutical applications of liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry. Process Control Qual. 10, 113 — 127. 

Biochemical applications of mass spectrometry in pharmaceutical drug... 

Geoghegan, K.F., Kelly, M.A. Biochemical applications of mass spectrometry in pharmaceutical drug... 

Jackson, R.C. Update on computer-aided drug design. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 1995, 6, 646—651. Geoghegan, K.F. Kelly, M.A. Biochemical applications of mass spectrometry in pharmaceutical drug discovery. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 2005, 24, 347-366. 

The combination of ACE with mass spectrometry (hyphenation methods) will increase significantly its applicability in pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics. 

Before NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry revolutionized the structural elucidation of organic molecules, UV spectroscopy was an important technique and was used to identify the key chromophore of an unknown molecule. The importance of UV is much diminished nowadays, but it still retains its place in certain applications, such as the determination of kinetic parameters, (the Michaelis constant) and A cat (the turnover rate of an enzyme, in molecules per second), for a number of enzymic reactions and in the analysis of pharmaceuticals. 

Figure 25-8 Baseline separation of enantiomers of the drug Ritalin by HPLC with a chiral stationary phase. One enantiomer is pharmacologically active for treating attention deficit disorder and narcolepsy. The other enantiomer has little activity but could contribute to undesired side effects. Pharmaceutical companies are moving toward providing enantiomerically pure drugs, which could be safer than mixtures of optical isomers. [From R. Bakhtiar, L Ramos, and F. L. S. Tse, "Quantification of Methylphenidate in Plasma Using Chiral Uquid-Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry Application to Taxicokinetic Studies," Anal. Chim. Acta 2002, 469.261.]...

The availability of commercial bench-top mass spectrometry detectors for HPLC is facilitating the development of HPLC-MS methods for many analytes. This is more common in pharmaceutical than food applications. As is generally the case, mass spectrometry is first being applied to standard solutions and relatively simple samples before being applied to more complex food matrices. A standard mixture of ten vitamers, AA, DHAA, PN, PL, PM, thiamine, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, pantothenic acid and biotin, were recently determined by HPLC-particle beam... 

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