Mass spectrometry coupled with capillary

Characterization of Organic Natural Dyes by Electrospray Mass Spectrometry Coupled with HPLC and/or Capillary Electrophoresis... 

Schulte, G., Heitmeier, S., Ghankvetadze, B., and Blaschke, G. (1998). Ghiral capillary electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometry coupling with charged cyclodextrin derivatives as chiral selectors. /. Chromatogr. A 800, 77—82. 

Detection techniques of high sensitivity, selectivity, and ease of coupling with sample preparation procedures are of special interest for measuring PGM content in biological and environmental samples. ICP MS, electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET AAS), adsorptive voltammetry (AV), and neutron activation analysis (NAA) have fotmd the widest applications, both for direct determination of the total metal content in the examined samples and for coupling with instrumental separation techniques. Mass spectrometry coupled with techniques such as electrospray ionization (ESI) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) (e.g., ESI MS", LC ESI MS", LC ICP MS, CE MS", and CE ICP MS) offer powerful potential for speciation analysis of metals. MS is widely used for examination of the distribution of the metals in various materials (elemental analysis) and for elucidation of the... 

Lech, K., Polec -Pawlak, K., Jarosz, M. (2009) Characterization of organic natural dyes by electrospray mass spectrometry coupled with HPLC and/or capillary electrophoresis. In Organic Mass Spectrometry in Art and... 

Clearly, the capabilities of modem chromatographic techniques have been vastly improved. Packed column GC has been replaced by capillary column GC. Similarly, the large columns of normal-phase liquid chromatography (LC) are replaced by microcolumn reverse phase LC columns. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is an entirely new means of separating small amounts of more complex, and charged sample molecules, and has evolved into several distinct forms with unique capabilities. Mass spectrometry coupled with different forms of chromatography is now applied to the analysis of many mixtures, of higher complexity, and more disparate sample types. 

For capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) mass spectrometry coupling, another modification of an ESI interface has been developed. This interface uses a sheath flow of liquid to make the electrical contact at the CZE terminus, thus defining both the CZE and electrospray field gradients. This way, the composition of the electro sprayed liquid can be controlled independently of the CZE buffer, thereby providing operation with buffers that could not be used previously, e.g., aqueous and high ionic strength buffers. In addition, the interface operation becomes independent of the CZE flow rate. [62]... 

Tangen A. and Lund, W. (2000) Capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry interface with minimised dead volume for high separation efficiency. J. Chro-matogr. A, 891, 129-38. 

As in HPLC, the coupling of MS detection with CE has provided an excellent opportunity for more selective analysis, but the much reduced flow rates, small injection volumes, limitations in the types of buffers used [since electrospray ionization (ESI) is used in capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry (CE/MS)], and need to... 

Moseley, M. A., Deterding, L. J., Tomer, K. B., and Jorgenson, J. W. Coupling of capillary zone electrophoresis and capillary liquid chromatography with coaxial continuous-flow fast atom bombardment tandem sector mass spectrometry, /. Chromatogr., 480, 197, 1989. 

In E. Coli bacterial lysates, the proteome (i.e., the full array of proteins produced) was analyzed by isoelectric focusing and mass spectrometry.97 A comparison of capillary electrophoretic separation and slab gel separation of a recombinant monoclonal antibody demonstrated that the precision, robustness, speed, and ease-of-use of CE were superior.98 Seventy-five proteins from the yeast ribosome were analyzed and identified by capillary electrophoresis coupled with MS/MS tandem mass spectrometry.99 Heavy-chain C-terminal variants of the anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody DE7 have been separated on capillary isoelectric focusing.100 Isoforms differing by about 0.1 pi units represented antibodies with 0,1 or 2 C-terminal lysines. 

Gas and liquid chromatography directly coupled with atomic spectrometry have been reviewed [178,179], as well as the determination of trace elements by chromatographic methods employing atomic plasma emission spectrometric detection [180]. Sutton et al. [181] have reviewed the use and applications of ICP-MS as a chromatographic and capillary electrophoretic detector, whereas Niessen [182] has briefly reviewed the applications of mass spectrometry to hyphenated techniques. 

Over the past two decades, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and related techniques have rapidly developed for the separation of a wide range of analytes, ranging from large protein molecules to small inorganic ions. Gas chromatography has been considered as a powerful tool due to its sensitivity and selectivity, especially when coupled with mass spectrometry. Nevertheless, liquid chromatography is the most used method to separate and analyze phenolic compounds in plant and tissue samples. 

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