Market liquidity

Holmstrom, Bengt, and Jean Tirole. 1993. Market Liquidity and Performance Monitoring. Journal of Political Economy 101 678-709. 

Fractions I-IV (unpurified liquids) from collector 7 and fractions la and lb from collector 8 are also sent to the completion stage of marketable liquids or to the stage of catalytic regrouping to obtain higher-boiling oligomers. 

The completion of oligoethylsiloxane liquids, which is conducted in apparatus 9, involves the preparation of marketable liquids from the corresponding fractions by mixing, further treatment with active coal (to eliminate residual acidity), decolouring and subsequent filtering in nutsch filter 10. 

The hydrolysate is separated from HCI dissolved in water washed, neutralised and dried. The dried product is marketable liquid GKZh-94. This technology is based on the fact that GKZh-94 cannot be heated to distil volatile products due to gel formation. Well-washed, neutralised and dried liquid under normal conditions can be stored over a long period of time retaining its properties. 

The pharmaceutical practice has shown that many marketed liquid formulations, which utilize cosolvents, involve multiple solvents (Yalkowsky and Roseman, 1981). However, the experimental determinations of the solubilities in multicomponent solutions are time-consuming because of the large number of compositions needed to cover the concentration ranges of interest and can be very expensive because of the high prices of some modern drugs. For this reason, it is important to provide a reliable method for predicting the solubility of drugs in multicomponent... 

Although powdered detergents account for no less than 80 per cent of sales of all detergents in Europe and no less than 65 - 70 per cent in the USA, in view of the traditions established on the consumer market, liquid detergents have a number of advantages. First of all, they do not form aerosols when dosed and dissolve rapidly in water. Besides, the volume dosage is very attractive for rank and file consumers. 

As a positive economic effect, linking can be expected to help climate policy to consolidate its status as irreversible in both regions, spur additional R D, and thus improve the dynamic efficiency of climate policy. However, specific numbers are - again - elusive. As the final aspect on the economic side, the benefits from increased market liquidity do not loom large in view of each system s large individual size. 

GeSim GmbH [42] markets liquid-handling system for life sciences that aspirate and dispense. It can mount up to eight single-channel DOD piezoelectric dispensers, and dispense 100- and 500-pL drops (60- and 100-pm diameter drops, respectively). A vision system allows for observation and set up of the drop-formation process. 

The yield of a benchmark government bond depends on expected inflation rate, currency rate, economic growth, monetary and fiscal policy. Conversely, the spread of a corporate bond is influenced by the credit risk of the issuer, taxation and market liquidity. Moreover, the yield spread depends on other factors such as ... 

Primary Market Measures te knpreve Market liquidity... 

Greater market liquidity lowers the cost of raising funds for capital market borrowers. 

The appropriateness of either model (cash-flow-based versus market value-based) will depend on the asset manager s trading style as well as the particulars of the asset class the asset s market liquidity, duration profile, and credit spread volatility. In terms of mechanics, cash flow arbitrage CDOs are no different than balance sheet CDOs, (again, the only difference being their intended pnrpose and asset sourcing strategy). Consequently, one should see the section on Balance Sheet CDOs for further details. Now, we shift the discussion to market value CDOs. 

Speculators who help ensure market liquidity and who play a vital role in price discovery. 

The most prominent impediment to swap market liquidity is swap counterparty credit exposure, which is balance-sheet intensive, in that it is a bilateral contract. The risk is the potential loss to a counterparty of the present value of a swap position if a swap party defaults. Therefore, parties to a swap transaction must be confident in the credit quality of... 

Inflation derivatives are an additional means by which market participants can have an exposure to inflation-linked cash flows. They can also improve market liquidity in inflation-linked products, as an earlier generation of derivatives did for interest-rates and credit risk. As flexible OTS products, inflation derivatives offer advantages over cash products in certain circumstances. They provide ... 

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